论刑法中的扒窃——对《刑法修正案（八）》的分析与解读

扒窃是指行为人以非法占有为目的,在公共场所秘密窃取他人随身携带财物的行为。《刑法修正案（八）》对盗窃罪的修改,即＂……或者多次盗窃、入户盗窃、携带凶器盗窃、扒窃的……＂因顿号的使用而容易产生歧义。对此应理解为＂扒窃＂行为是与多次盗窃、入户盗窃、携带凶器盗窃相并列的一种单独构成盗窃罪的条件,而不是仅将＂携带凶器扒窃＂的行为入罪化。扒窃行为区别于一般盗窃行为的特征：一是发生在公共场所;二是窃取的是＂随身携带＂的财物。这两个特征使扒窃行为的社会危害性程度超出了普通盗窃行为,而有了单独入罪的必要性与合理性。     

Establishing Connections: Gender,Motor Vehicle Theft,and Disposal Networks

Motor vehicle theft is an offense typically dominated by male offenders. As with all other major forms of criminal activity that are male dominated, women do participate in the theft of vehicles; yet, few studies have endeavored to examine their involvement in auto theft and even fewer have directly compared women's experiences alongside that of men's. This paper examines the gendered nature of motor vehicle theft through direct comparison of in‐depth interviews with 35 men and women actively involved in auto theft in St. Louis, Missouri. By tracing similarities and differences between men's and women's initiation into auto theft, enactment methods, and access to networks for vehicle and parts' disposal, we provide a contextual analysis of offender's perceptions and behavior. The findings indicate that while initiation into auto theft and property disposal networks are both governed by male gatekeepers, women experience greater barriers in gaining access to disposal networks than they do entry into auto theft offending which, in turn, leads to some key similarities in techniques between men and women.     

The Crime Reduction Effects of Public CCTV Cameras: A Multi‐Method Spatial Approach

Public Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) initiatives have been utilized as methods of monitoring public space for over two decades. Evaluations of these efforts to reduce crime have been mixed. Furthermore, there has been a paucity of rigorous evaluations of cameras located in the USA. In this analysis, crime in the viewshed of publicly funded CCTV cameras in Philadelphia, PA, is examined using two evaluation techniques: hierarchical linear modeling and weighted displacement quotients. An analysis that incorporates controls for long‐term trends and seasonality finds that the introduction of cameras is associated with a 13% reduction in crime. The evaluation suggests that while there appears to be a general benefit to the cameras, there were as many sites that showed no benefit of camera presence as there were locations with a positive outcome on crime. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

盗窃罪与侵占罪行为界限的理论纠偏

盗窃罪与侵占罪是一组排他关系的财产犯罪,二罪在行为方式上有区分界限。盗窃罪的行为方式不以秘密性为必要,不允许有暴力,平和地破坏原占有关系是盗窃罪行为的本质特征;非法占为己有是侵占行为,拒不退还、拒不交出是非法占为己有的进一步明确,并不是侵占罪的构成要件要素,易占有为所有是侵占罪行为的本质特征。因而,盗窃罪与侵占罪的行为方式上的界限并不在于行为的秘密性,也不在于是否可以以作为的方式实行,而是侵害占有方式的不同:前者是平和地破坏原占有关系,后者是易占有为所有。     

警察院校内部熟人盗窃问题的被害性分析

过去人们常常认为盗窃只会发生在陌生人之间,殊不知熟人之间的盗窃在现实生活中亦很多见,甚至在培养预备警官的警察院校内部频频出现盗窃问题。迹象表明:极有可能是内部学生作案,它会严重影响学校的形象及学生间的信任度。熟人关系影响我们对事物的判断,被害易感性降低,在特定环境作用下,极易成为合适的被害目标。通过对警察院校发生的盗窃案件进行调研,有助于从被害人学的角度出发,探讨警校学生在生活方式和日常活动中表现出的被害性,并基于情境预防的原理提出防范对策。     

扒窃型盗窃罪研究——以《刑法修正案（八）》相关规定为背景

扒窃型盗窃罪是《刑法修正案（八）》新增的盗窃罪独立定罪类型，也拓宽了扒窃行为入罪的评价路径。刑法上的扒窃是指“以非法占有为目的，秘密窃取他人随身携带的财物的行为”。但并不是所有的扒窃都可以构成扒窃型盗窃罪，只有符合“公共场合”、“从他人身上”以及“取得”等标准的扒窃行为才能构成扒窃型盗窃罪。扒窃型盗窃罪作为内涵最为丰富的盗窃罪定罪类型，其外延受到的限制最严格，所以当出现多种类型盗窃罪竞合时，理应首先认定行为是否构成扒窃型盗窃罪。     

Informal Service Access in Pro-Cyclical Welfare States: A Comparison of Electricity Theft in Slums and Regular Residential Areas of Montevideo

Abstract

It is often thought that political incumbents in developing countries abandon the poor during economic crises because of narrow and pro-cyclical welfare policies. In contrast to that view, this article argues that informal transfers for those excluded from the welfare state represent an example of “social policy by other means”. During dire economic conditions, democratic incumbents, who need the support or acquiescence of dislocated groups, expand irregular access to the electricity service counter-cyclically. Comparative time series data from slums and residential areas of Montevideo show that electricity losses respond to the political provision of both informal social insurance and informal redistribution.     

使用盗窃行为的定性处理研究

对于使用盗窃行为是否构成盗窃罪的问题,存在肯定说与否定说之争。使用盗窃与普通盗窃既有联系也有区别,我国现行刑法典只有普通盗窃罪的规定,没有使用盗窃罪的规定,在刑法中增设使用盗窃罪,才能较好地解决实践中出现的使用盗窃行为的定性问题。     

论重复抵押

本文认为重复抵押是抵押行为的重复 ,可导致却不等同于抵押权的重复 ,也不是抵押物价值的重复 ;重复抵押的效力取决于各次抵押行为是否有效和有效抵押是否超值 ;并对重复抵押中抵押权实现的几种特殊情况加以探讨 ,指出关于抵押权顺位立法隐含着有限制的顺位升进主义。     

解教释放人员重新犯罪的特点与审讯对策

解教释放人员犯罪被判刑入狱后，并没有彻底改造，反而总结作案失败的经验，研究、揣摩侵害对象的心理和寻找立法及管理环节存在的漏洞，由入狱前的犯罪“一面手”变为犯罪的“多面手”。因此，研究解教释放人员重新犯罪的特点和审讯存在的问题，制定相应的审讯对策，是提高办案质量和对解教释放人员重新犯罪打击处理率的重要一环。