“金三角”地区毒品形势系列调查报告（三）——泰国北部地区毒情形势的调查

2006年12月24日至2007年1月4日,国家社科项目"‘金三角’地区毒品对我渗透形势的新变化及应对策略"课题组赴泰国北部地区考察了该地区毒情。据统计,泰国政府近5年来进行的扫毒工作取得了较好效果,毒品交易量呈下降趋势,查获毒品总量也逐年减少。泰国北部地区的毒情对我全面分析研究"金三角"地区毒品的渗透形势有重要参考价值。     

议高校学报对大学生科研能力的培养

高等教育改革的根本目标是培养出基础扎实、知识面宽、能力强和素质高的综合性人才,以促进社会主义现代化建设.要实现这一目标,培养和提高大学生科研能力是十分重要.实现这一目标,不仅需要大学生自身的主观努力及专业教师的积极引导,而且还需要高校从教学到科研的各方面的通力协作.高校学报,作为高校的学术窗口,理应重视对大学生科研能力的培养,并视之为己任,从学报工作的专业特点出发,为大学生科研提供相应的指导和服务,使学报为高校师生科研服务的办刊宗旨真正落到实处.     

Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method

In recent years, a widespread consensus has emerged about the necessity of establishing bridges between quantitative and qualitative approaches to empirical research in political science. In this article, we discuss the use of the synthetic control method as a way to bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide in comparative politics. The synthetic control method provides a systematic way to choose comparison units in comparative case studies. This systematization opens the door to precise quantitative inference in small‐sample comparative studies, without precluding the application of qualitative approaches. Borrowing the expression from Sidney Tarrow, the synthetic control method allows researchers to put “qualitative flesh on quantitative bones.” We illustrate the main ideas behind the synthetic control method by estimating the economic impact of the 1990 German reunification on West Germany.     

Advancing Knowledge through Grassroots Experiments: Connecting Culture and Sustainability

Since 2006, hundreds of communities in Canada have produced Integrated Community Sustainability Plans, based on a four-pillar model of sustainability and developed in consultation with residents and stakeholders. These community-based experiments have developed models, knowledge, and insights about the place of culture in local sustainability. Both conceptual thinking and planning practices regarding the role of culture in sustainable communities were at an embryonic stage when these initiatives took place. The discussions, plans, and implementation processes have advanced both theory and “leading edge” practices with regard to culture and community sustainability, illustrating the importance of a robust relationship between research and practice.     

Consent in escrow

Disasters such as flash flooding, mass shootings, and train and airplane accidents involving large numbers of victims produce significant opportunity for research in the biosciences. This opportunity exists in the extreme tails of life events, however, during which decisions about life and death, valuing and foregoing, speed and patience, trust and distrust, are tested simultaneously and abundantly. The press and urgency of these scenarios may also challenge the ability of researchers to comprehensively deliver information about the purposes of a study, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Under these circumstances, we argue that acquiring consent for the immediate use of data that are not time sensitive represents a gap in the protection of human study participants. In response, we offer a two-tiered model of consent that allows for data collected in real-time to be held in escrow until the acute post-disaster window has closed. Such a model not only respects the fundamental tenet of consent in research, but also enables such research to take place in an ethically defensible manner.     

我国医疗诉讼鉴定制度实证研究——基于北京市三级法院司法文书的分析

医疗纠纷具有较强的专业性,这决定了鉴定在医疗民事诉讼中的重要地位。本文以北京市法院2013年度一审审结的医疗损害责任纠纷案件为样本,分析了医疗诉讼中的鉴定实况,指出法官和当事人均存在较为严重的"鉴定依赖"倾向,鉴定活动大多未遵循就"专门性问题"进行"专业评议"与"同行鉴定"的原则,医疗鉴定的性质定位与功能认识存在偏差,鉴定权与审判权的分野模糊,庭审对鉴定意见的质证不充分,法官对鉴定意见的评价能力不足。在此基础上,提出了改革与重构我国医疗诉讼鉴定制度的路径与建议。     

A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

A Simple Digestion Method with a Lefort Aqua Regia Solution for Diatom Extraction

Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples.     

责任性与避责:公共行政学研究的大问题

什么是公共行政学研究的旨趣和中国公共行政学研究的核心问题?区别于私人部门管理,公共性是公共行政的本体论属性。公共行政的公共性使得公共行政管理问题归根到底都是责任性问题。回顾公共行政学的历史发展,责任性问题是公共行政研究的核心旨趣。与责任性一体两面的避责研究是目前公共行政学研究的热点议题,对中国公共行政学研究的理论和实践有重大意义。通过对国内外避责研究文献的述评,本文探讨未来对这一议题进行研究的方向和路径,提出从避责问题研究出发,发展行动研究是中国公共行政学研究未来发展的重点。     

理性的失落——对"器官异位案"的理性思考

法律对于理性人的假设,使法官在疑难案件的裁判中举步维艰。但任何一个具有正义感的法官都不应屈服于人类的有限理性。突破理论与实践中意识形态的束缚,创造性地适用法律并以此实现个案正义,是法官的必须选择。