The provenance of émigrés: the validity of measuring knowledge of places

Establishing the origin of those seeking asylum is essential but difficult as asylum seekers often cannot corroborate their origin claim with documents. The aim of the present study was to assess whether asking knowledge questions, sketch questions and impossible questions are valid methods to determine the veracity of an origin claim. Participants (N?=?105) from Tilburg (truth-tellers), Maastricht (partial liars) and Gothenburg (full liars) were asked to convince an interviewer that they originated from Tilburg. Half of them prepared and half of them did not prepare themselves for the interview. They were asked 10 knowledge questions typically asked to assess the credibility of origin claims, 4 impossible questions and 1 sketch question. Participants from Tilburg answered more questions correctly than participants from Maastricht and Gothenburg. Performance also improved with preparation. Even though the results did provide some support for the validity of assessing claims about origin by asking knowledge questions, the differences between the groups were modest, and it was impossible to correctly identify all truth-tellers and liars. Changing the output modality from verbal answering to sketching contributed to the credibility assessment of origin claims, whereas impossible questions were not discriminatory.     

首都经济的内涵、本质与核心

首都经济的内涵是：作为政治和化中心的北京,也要以经济建设为中心,要充分体现北京城市性质和功能,要充分发挥首都优势、科技教育和人才优势、化优势和地区优势。首都经济的本质是知识经济,核心是高科技产业。首都经济必须走可持续发展道路,并且要走在全国发展知识经济的前列。     

法学“科学主义”的困境——法学知识如何成为法律实践的组成部分

将法学知识视为“科学知识”,存在学理上的困境。从法学知识学术运作的前提、过程、分析前见、资源支持、学术权力等角度来看,法学“科学主义”的努力是无法成功的。法律实践中,“法律”语词的争议性使用,尤其是探讨性使用,更凸显这种科学主义的困境。揭示法学“科学主义”困境的目的,不在于否定法学知识本身,而是为呈现其原有的实践品格,将法学知识视为法律实践的组成部分,提示法学知识生产者的重要实践责任。     

Back to Basics: A Theory of the Emergence of Institutional Facts

In order to account for the mode of existence of social rules and norms, the author develops a theory of the emergence of institutional facts. Just as other kinds of institutional fact, rules and norms are meanings. Therefore, insight into the emergence of social rules and norms can be achieved by studying the recognition and the communication of meanings. Following accounts of meaning and factuality, institutional facts are characterized as unquestionable shared typifications. It is argued that, in becoming an institutional fact, a typification goes through two phases. First, it becomes a social habit. Second, this habit turns into an obligation by being objectified.     

普遍性知识与地方性知识在法治进程中的作为

在人类社会的演进过程中,始终存在着普遍性知识与地方性知识的并驾齐驱,在各自的领域发生着作用。无论是普遍性知识,还是地方性知识,它们都只能在相对的范围内发挥着作用,都不可避免地存在着"偏见"。普遍性知识只有持有一种包容的态度,才能因其符合了"一时代一民族之生活样法及其判断与评价"而得到特定时代的人们的广泛遵从;地方性知识应在坚守阵地的同时,同样以一种开放的姿态来接受普遍性知识的合理的"刷新"。     

隐形知识在管理中的作用

在管理过程中,高层管理者们对重大决策问题的处理常常不喜欢基于理性分析,而是主要依赖于对需要决策的情境的直觉性判断。即"隐性知识"和直觉在战略决策制定中的价值极其重要。本文从哲学的角度分析了"隐性知识"与"明确知识"的区别及其相互转化,特别强调了"隐性知识"管理中的作用。     

Production of Scientific Knowledge and Radical Uncertainty: The Limits of the Normative Approach in Innovation Economics

The aim of this article is to explain that, in the context of the production of scientific knowledge, it is logically impossible to define some institutional structures enabling the maximization of the social surplus.Our argumentation relies on the theory of Popper according to which it is impossible to anticipate the result of a given process of production of scientific knowledge. Consequently, we conclude that it is impossible to compare the respective efficiencies of alternative structures of production of scientific knowledge.The document consists in a critical review ofthe literature in economics of innovation and knowledge. JEL Classification: D8, L1, O3     

论邓小平“两个尊重”的人才理念

邓小平人才思想以尊重知识、尊重人才为核心,精要地突出了人才问题的时代性,这是我们党人才理念的重大创新,成为新时期我们党人才思想的主导理念。邓小平以尊重劳动为着力点,肯定知识分子和人才的政治地位和重要作用,提出了人才标准的新价值和人才开发的新战略,奠定了我国新世纪人才强国战略的基本思路,成为科学人才观的重要思想基础。     

加强企业无形资产管理迎接知识经济挑战

无形资产是现代企业经营活动必不可少的一种重要资源.在知识经济时代,无形资产已成为民族资源和国家经济实力的象征,更是一个企业生存和发展的重要条件."入世"在即,我国企业必须下大力气改变无形资产管理的落后状况,加强无形资产管理,提高无形资产管理水平,迎接国际竞争的到来.     

Asked and Answered: Knowledge Levels When We Will Not Take “Don't Know” for an Answer

A pivotal claim in research on citizen competence is that the typical citizen knows very little about politics. Public opinion surveys provide a considerable body of evidence in support of this position. However, survey protocols with respect to factual questions about politics violate established norms in psychometric research on educational testing in that don't know answers are encouraged rather than discouraged. Because encouraging don't know responses potentially confounds efforts to identify substantive understanding, this practice may lead to the systematic understatement of political knowledge. We explore this possibility with data drawn from three split-ballot tests: one conducted as part of a survey in the Tallahassee, Florida, metropolitan area, one conducted as part of the 1998 NES Pilot, and one conducted as part of the 2000 NES. Results reveal that the mean level of political knowledge increases by approximately 15% when knowledge questions are asked in accordance with accepted practices in educational testing.