Correcting Community Service: From Work Crews to Community Work in a Juvenile Court

In 2001, the Clark County Juvenile Court in Washington State implemented the use of “restorative community service” (RCS) as part of its larger adoption of a restorative justice framework. This paper explores the court’s implementation and use of RCS, including: (1) the types of institutional changes made by the court in its development of RCS, (2) the types and qualities of social interactions observed by the researcher through participant observation at several RCS sites, (3) the practical implications of these findings for proponents of restorative justice in the use of community service in youth settings, and (4) the theoretical implications of these findings for sociological and criminological research on community service.     

试论中国传统司法裁判中的修辞意蕴及其演进

源于司法实践需要的中国古代司法裁判文书,在不同的历史时期展现出了不同的修辞意蕴,自唐代之后,体现在司法裁判文书中的修辞技巧并不仅仅是制判者体现自己文章水平的文体性修辞手法,而且也存在着以强化判词受众接受和自觉服从为目的的说理性修辞。而且自南宋以来,这种说理性的修辞手法更趋丰富,既有论证判决结论合法、合理的修辞技巧,又存在着实现教化与整合伦理规范为目标的修辞手法。     

A voice for change? Trust relationships between ombudsmen,individuals and public service providers

There has been a debate for years about what the role of the ombudsman is. This article examines a key component of the role, to promote trust in public services and government. To be able to do this, however, an ombudsman needs to be perceived as legitimate and be trusted by a range of stakeholders, including the user. This article argues that three key relationships in a person’s complaint journey can build trust in an institution, and must therefore be understood as a system. The restorative justice framework is adapted to conceptualize this trust model as a novel approach to understanding the ombudsman institution from the perspective of its users. Taking two public sector ombudsmen as examples, the paper finds that voice and trust need to be reinforced through the relationships in a consumer journey to manage individual expectations, prevent disengagement, and thereby promote trust in the institution, in public service providers, and in government.     

In need of a cultural shift to promote restorative justice in Southern Europe

The article describes the main results of a European project on restorative justice (RJ) called Freedom Wings (FW) and presents a new model to promote RJ in Southern Europe, which was developed from FW findings. The principal mission of the FW project is to disseminate best practices of RJ within a transnational network and to promote community participation in conflict prevention and resolution, in order to support individual and social well-being. This paper presents the main findings of multiagency and professional focus groups exploring restorative approaches and community justice. Observation of experts’ social representation of RJ helped the authors to understand the operation of the justice systems in each country and the attitudes of senior officials towards implementing restorative practices in a way that actively involves the community. The analysis shows the necessity of a cultural change in order to switch from a form of RJ managed by the judicial system to one led by the community. The EU project enabled the research team to theorize a model for promoting a relational and restorative community.     

修复性司法理论与检察工作实践——以构建和谐社会为视角

修复性司法（Restorative jusfice）理论的提出及实践,虽然不过三十年,却以其崭新的法治理念和创新的司法模式,赢得了世界各国的广泛关注。与传统的报应性司法或者矫正性司法相对应,修复性司法更加注重保护被害人的合法权益,更加强调当事人与社区的参与,更加强调社区及人际关系的和谐。该理论对于修正传统型司法的弊端,顺应和谐型社会的要求,具有很强的现实意义。借鉴和吸纳修复性司法的合理内核,反思和矫正传统型司法在实践中的不足,全面推进检察工作的科学发展,是当前检察理论研究工作面临的一个重大课题。     

论法院调解制度改革

本文认为 ,调解的改革应当是废除调、审合一的体制 ,建立调解和审判适当分离的体制 ,即调解由准备法官在审前准备程序中进行 ,主持调解的法官不能参加对调解无效案件的审判。     

司法现代化进程中的法律职业伦理

在某种程度上 ,法律职业群体的伦理素质状况决定着司法现代化的成败 ,进而决定着司法改革的成败 ,甚至决定着法治国家宏伟目标的实现程度。法律职业群体伦理的现代化是司法现代化的先导 ,是权力制约机制的必然要求 ,是防治司法腐败 ,重塑司法权威的现实需要。就当前中国的司法现状而言 ,司法现代化进程中的法律职业伦理建设应特别注重以下内容 :关注人性 ;崇尚正义 ;忠于法律 ;珍视荣誉。     

恢复性司法的程序化

恢复性司法并不是一种“司法”,更不能简单地等同于一种司法实践范式,视之为一种解决刑事争端的理念比较妥当。其表现形式多种多样,法律程序所认可的恢复模式尚为少数。恢复理念转化为具体的诉讼程序的利弊,以及如何保障这种恢复性程序的公平性与正当性,则是任何一国思考恢复性司法诉讼程序化所绕不开的问题。     

对我国劳动教养制度的法理分析

劳动教养制度是我国法律的独创,但其在立法和执法上的种种弊端是对《宪法》精神和《刑法》罪刑法定原则的违背,更有悖法治精神,影响司法公正。本文从劳动教养制度的形成、发展和演变入手,对劳教制度进行了法理分析,将其与《宪法》、《立法法》、《行政处罚法》、《刑法》等相关法律相比较,探讨了我国劳动教养制度的立法体例,进而提出与我国刑法相整合的建议。     

论未成年人恢复性司法的合理性与局限性

恢复性司法是一种通过恢复性程序实现恢复性后果的非正式犯罪处理方法。为考察司法人员与公众对待确定未成年人恢复性司法制度态度,对法官、公众等不同群体作问卷调查,结果表明,法官和公众对未成年人司法制度的诸项改革基本认可。该制度的合理性表现在可减少刑事污点对未成年人的消极影响,有利于恢复受损的社会关系,对违法犯罪的未成年人有积极的矫正作用;其局限性体现在难以满足同罪同罚的刑法原则,难以避免替代性的承担责任的现象等。避免局限性的关键在于要解决恢复性司法与正式司法程序的关系问题。