共同侵权之“共同”标准：反思与重构

我国《侵权责任法》以意思联络作为确定共同侵权的“共同”标准。该法选择的进路并无充分的价值依据且悖于侵权法的发展方向。其他现有的替代标准未能弥补该缺陷。妥当的进路是附条件的损害共同说。在受害人无辜的场合,只要数人致同一或不可分的损害。各加害人均应负连带责任。在受害人具有过错的场合,只要某加害人责任份额比受害人责任份额大,该加害人即应负连带责任。过错程度和风险比例规则是确定当事人责任份额的妥当标准。     

船舶优先权法律适用规则之比较研究

国际社会有关船舶优先权的法律适用规则主要有适用法院地法、适用船旗国法、适用最密切联系原则等几种立法司法实践。本文对这几种立法与司法实践进行了理论评析,建议中国《海商法》做出相应的修改。     

徇私枉法罪中“特定明知”的认定

徇私枉法罪有关条款明确了行为人对特定对象的“明知”,要准确认定行为人的“特定明知”,必须先确认特定对象在犯罪构成中的归属。司法实践中,在认定行为主体犯罪故意的认识因素时,将行为主体的认识状况与对行为主体认识状况的认识区别开来：“明知”是行为人对犯罪构成事实的一种认识状况,而非我们对行为人认识状况的一种判断方式。只有把“明知是有罪的人”限定为行为主体自己对犯罪构成事实的一种认识状况,才符合罪责自负原则。     

生产销售伪劣商品罪的法经济分析及防治对策——以伪劣奶粉案为例

生产销售伪劣商品罪产生的内在动因是经济主体的自利性和市场经济的逐利性,外在诱因是市场秩序的失范和犯罪的可获利.防治生产销售伪劣商品罪并非是消灭该类犯罪,而是努力使该类犯罪降低到最低限度.措施主要有:提高刑罚效率,直接增加犯罪的刑罚成本;深化体制改革,建立健全各项规章制度,为合法正当的经济活动创造良好的制度环境和社会环境;打击腐败,消除地方保护主义;加紧研究并实现对经济犯罪的社会控制,对生产销售伪劣商品罪实行综合治理.     

解读《近思录》结构体例的范本效应

《近思录》是一部有目的有系统介绍北宋四子思想的语录体编著,虽说绝大部分内容不是原创的,但在篇目结构、卷次编排上却具有原创性的学术价值,成为后世理学要籍编撰时仿效的范本《。近思录》各卷篇名与本卷内容非常吻合,各卷纲目与《大学》纲目相发明,分类编辑利于读者“近思”;它是整个儒学深造的阶梯;朱熹、吕祖谦的学术地位、理学思想影响力大。     

IV-E or not IV-E,that is the question: comparisons of BSW Child Welfare Scholars and matched trainee confidence and retention

ABSTRACT

Our longitudinal study examined the effectiveness of BSW IVE Scholar training (n = 52) compared with a matched cohort (n = 57) of traditionally trained employees. The BSW IV-E Scholars felt significantly more prepared than their traditionally-trained coworkers. BSW IV-E Scholars were significantly more likely to be retained in the first five years of employment than the matched cohort trainees. The study lends strong support for the retention and preparation advantages of BSW Title IV-E training over traditional employee training. This is important given the significant investment of training dollars for IV-E at the Federal, state, and local levels.     

Learning,Negotiating, and Surviving in Child Welfare: Social Capitalization Among Recently Hired Workers

In the child welfare workplace, accessible relationships and support, although understudied, are vital to worker success. Using telephone interviews with a statewide sample of recently hired, frontline workers (N = 38), this study applied a social capital framework to consider support functionality or capitalization. Findings highlight that, although nearly all workers recognized the importance of instrumental and expressive support, many workers did not capitalize on support. Agencies may benefit from an atmosphere focused on collective interests rather than individual survival. Policy can promote supportive atmospheres through providing agencies with the ability and time to foster recently hired workers’ skills.     

What the Trial Judge Needs to Know about the Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance

Since the 1950s, there have been several international multi‐lateral treaties for recognition and enforcement of child and spousal support orders. They operated, primarily, in civil law countries where “creditor‐based jurisdiction” allowed establishment of an order in the country of habitual residence of the child or the custodial parent. The United States, requiring “minimum contacts” with the debtor to establish personal jurisdiction, could not be a party to such agreements. For nearly fifty years the U.S., and a few states, sought to fill the need for international reciprocity by negotiating individual country‐to‐country or state‐to‐country arrangements. With ratification of the 2007 Family Maintenance Convention, the United States was finally able to join in a multi‐lateral treaty. The treaty took effect in the United States on January 1, 2017, establishing procedures for international recognition, enforcement and modification of family support orders with 35 other countries already party to the Convention (including the entire European Union). The grand bargain struck during the negotiations between 2003 and 2007 was that the U.S. would honor a foreign order if, under the facts presented, there were sufficient minimum contacts with the debtor that would have supported personal jurisdiction if the order had been entered in any state in the U.S. If unable to recognize a foreign order, the U.S. agreed to take steps to issue a new one. The treaty establishes administrative procedures that, in many respects, are nearly identical to interstate enforcement of domestic support orders in this country. But there are also aspects of the treaty that are entirely new and warrant explanation for family and juvenile court judges. This article focuses on several unique provisions of the treaty that judges and attorneys need to understand.     

论所有权保留买卖与善意第三人的保护

保留所有权的约定是现代民法权利分化的一种现象。基于该权利分化机制,出卖人与买受人的利益都得到了均衡保护。但该约定的相对隐蔽性,又使出卖人与买受人的利益极易与善意第三人的权益发生冲突。所有权保留制度应当为这种冲突的解决提供制度上的救济。     

生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪若干问题研究

生产、销售伪劣商品罪的犯罪客体是国家对商品质量的管理秩序以及不特定的人的人身安全;犯罪对象是伪劣商品。行为方式只能是作为;犯罪形态有四种;销售金额既指实际销售出去的产品金额,亦包括尚未销售而可能销售出去的产品金额。罪过心理既可以是直接故意,也可以是间接故意。在某些情况下有既、未遂之分。应当注意本类罪的罪数问题。