论公司、企业人员受贿罪的客观特征

1997年刑法对公司、企业人员受贿罪的修订影响了对该罪内涵意义的理解 ,特别是需要重新考察其客观要件。公司、企业人员受贿罪既侵犯了公司、企业经营活动的公正竞争交易秩序 ,又侵犯了公司、企业工作人员的廉洁性。该罪在客观方面表现为公司、企业的工作人员 ,利用职务上的便利 ,索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物 ,为他人谋取利益 ,或者在经济往来中 ,违反国家规定收受各种名义的回扣、手续费 ,归个人所有 ,数额较大的行为     

论国际民商事诉讼管辖权的消极冲突

国际民商事诉讼中的管辖权消极冲突问题在学界鲜为人所重视。这种冲突与法律消极冲突既有着联系 ,也存在着区别。引起冲突的原因是多方面的 ,造成的后果也有所不同。在解决消极冲突的方式上 ,可以考虑制定“必要管辖法院”或“紧急管辖条款”、完善民事诉讼法的起诉制度 ,以及严格不方便法院原则。     

“利不是不好”：朱熹对《易传》之“利”的解读

朱熹解《易传》“ 利者义之和”“ 利物足以和义”,不仅讲“利物”与“和义”的统一,强调“利物”之重要,表明对于利物、利人、利天下百姓的重视,而且由此进一步讲义利的相互联系,讲“利不是不好”;同时批评《苏氏易传》“义非利则惨洌而不和”,反对把义与利并列为二物,反对惟利是求。在此基础上,朱熹认为,对于利,既要从义利关系的层面看,又要从利害关系的层面看;既讲“利不是不好”,又讲“以利为心则有害”,反对求利之心。这一思想不仅在后世得到一定程度的发展,而且可以为今天提供有价值的思想资源。     

Legislative genesis and judicial death of a directive: The European Court of Justice invalidated the data retention directive (2006/24/EC) thereby creating a sustained period of legal uncertainty about the validity of national laws which enacted it

The Grand Chamber has ruled that the data retention directive was invalid ex tunc since it seriously interfered with the fundamental rights to respect for private life and protection of personal data and exceeded the limits of the principle of proportionality which are provided for in the Charter. The scope and temporal effects of this ruling should be clarified, especially its legal impacts on national laws of Member States which enacted the directive. In addition, the findings of the Grand Chamber on geographical safeguards have far-reaching implications on the retention and storage of personal data in the EU.     

当代中国死刑改革争议问题论要简

死刑改革是当代中国刑法改革过程中最受关注、最具现实意义且备受争议的重大问题。中国虽难以在短期内全面废止死刑,但却有必要将废止死刑纳入其政策内涵。在功利与人道之间,人道性应当成为我国死刑改革最主要的根据。我国应以无期徒刑作为死刑的立法替代措施,适时建立死刑赦免制度,公开死刑执行的数字,并于适当时机废止贪污罪受贿罪的死刑。     

宅基地使用权收回的性质研究

实践中宅基地使用权收回时常处于或被弃用或被错用或被滥用的状态,究其根源,则在于对宅基地使用权收回的性质缺乏一个合理而精准的界定。为此,通过一体考虑宅基地使用权设立与收回,借鉴合同法中的强制缔约理论与解除权理论,树立宅基地使用权设立的合同观,从而最终将宅基地使用权收回界定为一种私法上的行为——合同解除行为。     

An innovative transfer DNA experimental design and qPCR assay: Protocol and pilot study

Forensic “touch” DNA samples are low-quantity samples that are recovered from surfaces that have been touched by single or multiple individuals. These samples can include DNA from primary contributors who directly touched the surface, as well as secondary contributors whose DNA was transferred to the surface through an intermediary. It is difficult to determine the type of transfer, or how often and under what conditions DNA transfer occurs. In this paper, we present an innovative protocol that combines (1) a paired male and female transfer DNA experimental design in which the presence of male DNA indicates secondary transfer and (2) a cost-effective quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay of a sex-specific region in the Amelogenin gene to detect male and female DNA. We evaluate the ability of the Amelogenin qPCR assay to detect low concentrations of male and female DNA in mixed samples. We also test experimental DNA samples using our transfer DNA protocol to differentiate primary and secondary DNA transfer. Male DNA was detected in the majority of known mixed samples, even in samples with 4× more female DNA—this result demonstrates the ability to detect low concentrations of male DNA and the presence of secondary transfer DNA in our experimental design. Primary DNA transfer was detected in 100% of our experimental trials and secondary DNA transfer was detected in 37.5% of trials. Our innovative protocol mimics realistic case scenarios to establish rates of primary and secondary DNA transfer in an inexpensive and simplified manner.     

论完善拒不执行判决、裁定罪

拒不执行判决、裁定罪在犯罪构成要件及罪数形态等方面均存在不完善之处,为更好地维护司法权威,应扩大犯罪主体,重新确定客观方面,澄清保护客体,并对共同犯罪等问题作实事求是的评价.     

Validation of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for determining osseous or dental origin of unknown material

Forensic anthropological examinations typically involve the analysis of human skeletal remains, but in cases where samples are very small and/or physically compromised, it may first be necessary to determine whether the material is even osseous or dental in origin. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a technique that reveals the elemental composition of materials and is hypothesized to have utility in such cases. XRF analysis was conducted on a variety of tissues and materials in unaltered and altered (damaged) states. With few exceptions, osseous and dental tissues in unaltered and altered conditions contained characteristic levels of calcium and phosphorus, while other materials did not. Materials could be accurately identified as osseous or dental in origin based on the calcium and phosphorus levels identified by XRF, and we therefore conclude that XRF analysis is a valid and effective means of determining osseous or dental origin of unknown material.     

中国公民环境税费支付意愿实证分析

随着人口增长和消费行为的变化,公众成为环境影响的重要主题。同时,全球环境治理也逐步从管制-命令向公众参与转变,公众成为环境政策过程的重要参与者。借助"世界价值观调查"2007年的数据,研究中国公民的环境税费支付意愿,从而揭示出影响环境政策工具民意基础的重要因素。逻辑斯蒂模型的分析结果表明,环保意识、发展观和政治信任是左右人们支持政府环境经济政策的重要因素,并且三者相互联系,在政府与公众的互动当中不断变化。