Identification of human semenogelin in membrane strip test as an alternative method for the detection of semen

Semenogelin (Sg), a protein originating in the seminal vesicles and a substrate for prostate specific antigen (PSA or p30), is a useful marker for the identification of semen. And detection of Sg has been available commercially in a membrane test recently. PSA is commonly used to detect semen in forensic significant samples taken from sexual assault cases. The strip PSA test has been available commercially from various manufacturers for many years. In this study, we evaluated two immunochromatographic membrane tests, one for Sg and the other for PSA by analyzing human semen, other human bodily fluids/materials including urine, blood, saliva, sweat, breast milk, vaginal secretion and fecal materials, semen from various animals and forensic casework samples. The data demonstrate that both Sg and PSA strip tests provide rapid and sensitive method for identification of seminal plasma. These results show that the immunochromatographic method for Sg detection is useful for the identification of seminal plasma in forensic samples, an alternative to the method for PSA detection.     

理性对待未成年人前科消灭制度——兼评新《刑事诉讼法》第275条

未成年人前科消灭制度在保护未成年犯罪人合法权益方面具有突出的价值,也存在一定的局限性。以刑事诉讼法修改为背景,以“相对合理主义”的立场分析实现未成年犯罪人个人利益和社会公共利益之间的平衡,分析了建立未成年人前科封存制度以及与之配套的犯罪记录查询制度的合理性。我国刑诉法对这两项制度规定有所不足,应加以完善。     

从语气角度看英语政治演讲中人际功能的实现

目前,英语政治演讲在国内和国际事务中起着举足轻重的地位,而演讲语言也日益成为人们研究的重点。以韩礼德的语言三大元功能之一的人际功能为理论框架,从自建演讲语篇语料库中抽样选出20篇英语政治演讲为研究样本,从语气系统角度,根据演讲者所充当的提供信息和要求行动的言语角色,探究英语政治演讲中人际功能实现的语言学特点,从而提高英语演讲和英语交际能力。     

The Cyprus and other EU court rulings on data retention: The Directive as a privacy bomb

This paper discusses the controversy surrounding the Data Retention Directive with an emphasis on the 2011 decision of the Cyprus Supreme Court which has annulled several district court orders that allowed the police access to telecommunications data relating to certain persons relevant to criminal investigations. The annulment has been on the ground that the legal provisions upon which the orders have been issued are unconstitutional. It will suggest that the decision does not entail a direct rejection of the EU Data Retention Directive and that in any event, Cyprus is not a Member State resisting the particular measure. This is because the legal provisions are deemed unconstitutional, though part of the law that has transposed the relevant Directive into national law are provisions that go beyond what the EU legislator intended to regulate through that Directive. Still, the particular Directive sits rather uneasily within the ‘human rights’ regime, in particular the one governing the individual right of privacy.     

打击犯罪与保护人权的艰难平衡——评刑诉法修正案中侦查程序部分中的争议问题

现行刑诉法自 $141 年制定后于今迎来了第二次大面积修改。针对此次修改,尤其是对有关侦查程序的修改,有人忧虑其是刑诉法条款倒退的表现。通过对秘密拘留和逮捕、传唤和拘传时间的延长、技术侦查措施的引入和沉默权与如实供述这四个方面进行理性分析并提出完善建议,指出此次修正案在侦查程序的修改中,兼顾了打击犯罪和保护人权两方面,整体上是有进步的。对于其不细致、不周全、有矛盾而可能导致实施者自由裁量权滥用的地方,需要进行合理的完善。     

An innovative transfer DNA experimental design and qPCR assay to identify primary,secondary, and tertiary DNA transfer

“Touch DNA” is a form of trace DNA that is presumed to be deposited when an individual touches something and leaves behind DNA-containing skin cells, sweat, or other fluids. While touch DNA is often the result of direct contact (i.e., primary transfer), it can also be indirectly transferred between surfaces or individuals (e.g., secondary or tertiary transfer). Even experts cannot distinguish between different types of transfer and do not fully understand which variables affect direct versus indirect transfer or how often each type of transfer occurs. In this study, we utilize an innovative protocol that combines a paired male and female transfer DNA experimental design with an Amelogenin qPCR assay to generate data on primary, secondary, and tertiary DNA transfer. We report frequencies of indirect DNA transfer and also investigate the potential effects of participant age, self-identified ethnicity, and skin conditions on DNA transfer. Out of 22 experimental trials, we detected primary transfer (male + female) in 71% of trials, secondary DNA transfer in 50% of trials, and tertiary DNA transfer in 27% of trials. No significant associations were found between primary DNA transfer and age, self-identified ancestry, or skin conditions, however, all individuals with sloughing skin conditions demonstrated primary DNA transfer and we suggest this variable be explored in larger samples. These results contribute to a better understanding of the conditions under which secondary and tertiary DNA transfer occurs and can be used to propose realistic DNA transfer scenarios in court cases.     

劳动教养制度存废之争及评析

劳动教养制度是一项具有中国特色的法律制度,它既是我国法学理论界争论的焦点,也是西方社会攻击我国人权状况的主要层面.本文对劳动教养制度存废争论的主要观点进行梳理,并结合法学理论对之进行评析,认为劳动教养制度不能废除,应该完善.     

Adopt or Not and Innovation Variation: A Dynamic Comparison Study of Policy Innovation and Diffusion Mechanisms

Abstract

Policy innovation and diffusion literature mainly focuses on the decision to adopt a new policy, while ignoring the differences among new policies. This study divides the decision-making process of policy innovation diffusion into two phases: in the “innovate or not” phase, governments make the decision to adopt or reject the new policy, while “how to innovate” is the process by which governments formulate specific content for the new policy. A dynamic comparative analysis finds that effects of internal determinants and diffusion mechanisms vary during these two phases and that internal determinants moderate the effects of diffusion mechanisms.     

网络电信诈骗犯罪帮助取款行为的定性——以两个文件存在的冲突为切入点

关于在网络电信诈骗犯罪中帮助取款行为,在《关于办理诈骗刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》和《关于办理电信网络诈骗等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》两份文件中均有体现,但是二者对于帮助取款行为的认定存在冲突,表现为对"明知"的内容和程度的认定有差异、帮助取款行为的时间节点的认定不同、对诈骗罪既未遂标准判定不同。网络电信诈骗帮助取款行为定性的路径选择是:对"明知"内容和程度的认定进行类型化判断;对帮助取款行为介入的时间节点进行类型化划分;以"失控说"作为判断诈骗罪既未遂的标准。     

废除死刑是一种道义选择

废除死刑有太多的理由。国际社会中刑罚走向轻缓,死刑趋于废止已成大势。本文分析了中国死刑的立法和司法现状,认为在中国立即并彻底废除死刑尽管难度极大但也不是不可能。废除死刑是一种道义选择。刑法学者除了用一腔热血急切呼吁,也有责任启发百姓的理性思考,激发政治家的人道精神。