黑恶组织犯罪的初查研判研究

在黑恶组织犯罪案件的侦办过程中,由于此类犯罪操作层面大,取证难,因而大量立案前的调查行为在打黑实践中比比皆是,如对黑恶组织的早期摸排经营,情报信息的甄别审查等。较之检察机关侦办职务犯罪案件的初查制度的日益成熟与规范,立法对黑恶组织犯罪立案前的调查行为并未专门规定,它还处于一个实践概念的层面。黑恶组织犯罪的初查研判在打黑实践中极为关键,是侦查工作顺利开展的基础,是启动黑恶组织犯罪专案侦查的保障。     

SCM协议中财税措施地区专向性特别规定初探——兼评美国对华反补贴调查的相关案例及我国的对策

SCM协议地区专向性标准条款中的财税措施特别规定具有经济合理性,并符合WTO的政治考虑。该特别规定认定“有资格”的地方各级政府所采取的“确定或者改变”在其辖区内“普遍适用”税率的补贴措施不具有SCM协议意义上的专向性。我国应充分利用该特别规定提供的政策空间,深化税制改革,协调地方政府地区补贴与SCM协议之间的关系。     

组织、领导传销罪的认定及与其他罪名的区别

我国《刑法修正案（七）》新增加了“组织、领导传销罪”,对“非法传销”明确入罪,使“组织、领导传销罪”成为独立罪名,在某种程度上可以摆脱以往对非法传销行为定罪难的困境。也加大了对该行为刑事制裁的范围。加强了打击力度,能够更好地起到预防犯罪的作用。但是,《刑法修正案（七）》的规定不够具体明确。使得罪与罚在司法实践中难以把握。司法机关在适用法律时。除准确区分直销与传销外。应注意三点：一是单位不能成为组织、领导传销罪的主体;二是组织、领导传销罪是一种行为犯：三是组织、领导传销罪与其他罪可数罪并罚。     

REASSESSING THE BREADTH OF THE PROTECTIVE BENEFIT OF IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE RISK BY RACE,ETHNICITY, AND LABOR MARKET STRATIFICATION*

Researchers in the United States have increasingly recognized that immigration reduces crime, but it remains unresolved whether this applies to people of different racial–ethnic and economic backgrounds. By using the 2008–2012 area‐identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we evaluate the effect of neighborhood immigrant concentration on individual violence risk across race/ethnicity and labor market stratification factors in areas with different histories of immigration. The results of our analysis reveal three key patterns. First, we find a consistent protective role of immigrant concentration that is not weakened by low education, low income, unemployment, or labor market competition. Therefore, even economically disadvantaged people enjoy the crime‐reduction benefit of immigration. Second, we find support for threshold models that predict a nonlinear, stronger protective role of immigrant concentration on violence at higher levels of immigrant concentration. The protective function of immigration also is higher in areas of longer histories of immigration. Third, compared with Blacks and Whites, Latinos receive a greater violence‐reduction benefit of immigrant concentration possibly because they live in closer proximity with immigrants and share common sociocultural features. Nevertheless, immigrant concentration yields a diminishing return in reducing Latino victimization as immigrants approach a near‐majority of neighborhood residents. The implications of these results are discussed.     

“I was prepared for the worst I guess”: stayers’ and leavers’ perceptions of their Title IV-E education

ABSTRACT

Child welfare workforces across the nation are experiencing high turnover and have for decades. The chronic cost of turnover makes efforts to increase retention crucial. The Title IV-E education stipend program is one way that many states employ to improve their child welfare worker tenure. Through qualitative interviews, this study examines Title IV-E graduates’ experiences and perceptions of preparedness for working in child welfare agencies. Examining how the responses of stayers and leavers differ and assessing similarities collectively can inform educational and agency enhancements to improve services, as well as worker competence and retention.     

论诉的利益理论在公益诉讼制度中的运用——兼评《关于检察公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第19、21、24条

在检察机关的全部诉讼请求已经获得全部实现的情形下,人民法院没有必要对公益诉讼案件（继续）进行实体审理。但是,在检察行政公益诉讼的情形下,检察机关丧失请求被告纠正违法行为或依法履行职责的利益,并不当然意味着其同时丧失请求法院对被告的违法行政行为进行确认的利益。为了及时救济遭受损害或威胁的社会公共利益,引导被告尽早纠正违法行为或依法履行职责,应当根据被告纠正违法行为或依法履行职责的时间,设计不完全相同的规则。     

30个中低突变Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系的建立

目的建立30个中低突变Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,并对其性能进行评估。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,选择30个中低突变率、中高多态性的Y-STR基因座自行设计引物,进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测。检测该体系的准确性、特异性、灵敏度和耐受性,并观察其在混合检材的分型情况。结果采用本体系,分型结果准确稳定、特异性好、耐受性强,灵敏度达0.0625ng,混合检材在1:4的比例下,可获准确分型。结论本研究建立的30个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系分型结果良好,对于中国人群的法医Y-STR数据库建设和群体遗传学研究具有重要意义。     

生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合问题探析

关于生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合所涉及的罪数形态问题,主要存在“法条竞合论”、“想象竞合犯论”、“牵连犯论”以及“实质数罪论”等几种观点。在生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪竞合的场合,存在“一个行为”和“两个行为”的情形。这对罪数形态的判断会产生直接的影响。在“一个行为”的场合,即行为人在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标,或者在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标后又销售该商品的,成立想象竞合犯;在“两个行为”的场合,即行为人在他人生产的伪劣商品上假冒注册商标后销售该商品的,成立牵连犯。根据罪数理论通说,对想象竞合犯和牵连犯都应予以从一重罪处断。     

但书、罪量与扒窃入罪

刑法修正案八生效以来,扒窃应否一律入罪、但书是否得为扒窃的出罪依据之争,困扰着我国刑法理论研究与司法实务。解决这一问题的理论前提是,建立对但书及其规制下的罪量类型、政策机能、体系定位、出罪机制的基本共识,消除刑法知识转型时代不同话语系统囿于语境差异的对话困难。通过以阶层犯罪论体系与我国刑法规定为背景,立足于刑法教义学与刑事政策的融通,分析我国刑法特有的罪量要素的类型与政策功能,可以认为,扒窃包含为但书所规制并须结合刑法的规范保护目的进行涵摄的罪量要素。从扒窃行为的客观不法与“扒手”的人的主观不法两个维度,才能揭示扒窃的规范含义,并据以依次判断扒窃行为是否该当扒窃型盗窃罪的构成要件。扒窃作为盗窃罪的不法行为定型,既表明我国刑法包含涵摄罪量要素,也展现了我国刑法以行为不法为基础,重视人的不法的新动向。     

A decade on from the NCH Report (1992): Adolescent sexual aggression policy,practice and service delivery across the UK and Republic of Ireland

Abstract

This paper considers the issues involved in the use of manuals to guide the treatment of sexual offenders. I identify problems in the use of manuals, particularly their failure to encourage satisfactorily the implementation of therapeutic skills, the restrictions they place upon the therapist's ability to address the responsivity principle, the limits to which manuals can accommodate changes as a result of new evidence and the suppression of innovation. I offer suggestions for an alternative set of strategies to ensure the integrity of treatment delivery while at the same time overcoming the problems associated with manualization.