Ethnic minorities and sustainable refugee return and reintegration in Kosovo

ABSTRACT

Unprecedented levels of displacement make the return of refugees and internally displaced populations a critical challenge, with post-conflict minority return especially complex. This article investigates the return process in Kosovo to identify what supports and hinders sustainability. For nearly two decades the Government of Kosovo and international partners have supported the return of minorities displaced during the 1998–1999 conflict and March 2004 riots. We draw on interviews with all major stakeholder groups in return programming and on indicative survey data from 499 returnees. Using a framework adapted from Black, Koser and Munk (‘Understanding Voluntary Return’), we focus on the Kosovo return process in recent years. The survey results indicate some sustainability but high differentiation in returnees’ satisfaction. This warrants concern, as differences in returnee perspectives run along already conflictual ethnic and spatial fault lines. In post-conflict settings, sustainable return and reintegration require more than the provision of services – they require nuanced understanding of how the shadow of conflict shapes returnee experiences. Finally, we question the orthodoxy of return discourse and highlight critical factors to support sustainable return elsewhere.     

环境民事公益诉讼法律适用困境及其破解

环境民事公益诉讼在司法实践中已得到大量运用,但其存在以下法律适用上的问题:第一,在对具体个案是环境民事公益诉讼还是其他私益诉讼的性质判断上,现有裁判存在显著差异。第二,在环境民事公益诉讼与类似案件的审理中,不同案件裁判者在程序选择与裁判结果上也呈现各异的走向。原因在于该诉的法律适用中存在"公共利益"等现有民事法律体系难以评价的规范性构成要件。究其根源,是该诉的独立请求权基础尚未得到明确。因此裁判者在审案时通过"借用"环境侵权之诉等类似诉讼请求权基础进行涵摄时,其法律适用过程就容易产生混同。明确环境民事公益诉讼请求权并精细该诉的法律规则,有助于环境民事公益诉讼程序的公正运行与裁判结果的日趋统一。     

“It Is Better to Do Business in Africa than in Europe” – Socio-Economic Positionings among Business-Minded European Somalis Moving to Kenya

Abstract

Using the example of European Somalis moving to Kenya, this article argues that although these middle class return migrants share many similarities, they also differ in significant ways. Focusing on economically independent migrants, this paper will show that their move to Kenya is both return and onward migration at the same time. The transnational socio-economic positioning of Somali returnees in Kenya, this article demonstrates, rests on the importance of legal capital for enabling transnational mobility, which in turn is relevant for the convertibility of capital in the various local settings in which migrants settle.     

国家角色的转变与新中国养老保障政策变迁

本文借助福利多元主义的视角,分析了自改革开放以来国家角色在养老保障政策变迁中的转变。文章发现,自市场经济改革以来的国家收缩在进入新世纪之后出现了国家回归的新趋势,这一转变是社会福利供给严重失衡所导致的结构性压力与政府执政理念转变共同作用的结果。国家角色从收缩到适度回归的变化对理解中国社会政策体系的变迁轨迹及其未来发展具有重要的意义。     

国内外输电线路设计规范风荷载取值标准的比较

以我国现行电力行业标准DL/T 5154-2002和DL/T 5092-1999关于风荷载的计算规定为基准,对国内外4套有代表性的输电线路设计规范风荷载的取值标准进行了分析比较,初步摸清了国内外规范风荷载标准值差异的定量数据.计算结果表明,我国输电线路铁塔结构的风荷载标准值普遍低于国外规范相同条件下的风荷载标准值,规范修订时建议将基本风压的统计重现期提高到50a一遇,并对我国输电线路基本风压的合理取值和统计风速的基准高度进行适当的调整.     

The delisting decision: The case of buyout offer with squeeze-out (BOSO)

In this paper, we exploit the specificity of going-private transactions that are initiated by the historic controlling shareholders (i.e. voluntary delistings). In Continental Europe, the majority of firms that become private do so following a buyout offer with squeeze-out (BOSO); using this mechanism, the controlling shareholder can cash out minorities and take the firm private. We argue that the decision to go private results from a cost–benefit analysis. Moreover, we pay particular attention to the consequences and the related costs of compliance resulting from the passage of the French Financial Security Law (FSL) in 2003. A quantitative study was performed using a unique dataset spanning 1997–2006. This data set consists of 140 French firms, of which 70 were voluntarily delisted via BOSO and 70 were industry-matched control firms. Univariate analysis and logistic regressions support the cost–benefit analysis: when listing benefits decrease because of weak liquidity and/or weak analyst coverage, it seems better for the firm to go private. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of delisted firms (i.e. performance, leverage, and risk as measured by the beta factor) appear to be important driving factors of delisting. The passage of the FSL has strengthened the impact of these characteristics on the decision to go private. Mature firms that have weak performance and low specific risk and that are not financially constrained by debt will decide to go private because they cannot afford the listing status anymore. Finally, we show that the driving factors of delisting differ according to the identity of the controlling shareholder; specifically, the level of risk appears to be the strongest determinant for family firms, while non-family firms also consider their own financial structure.     

Autonomy,residence, and return

This article argues that those unjustly displaced from a particular territory T cannot involuntarily lose their rights to reside there, or, as a consequence, their rights of return to it, even if they develop territorially grounded conceptions of the good where they now reside. The contrary position fails to accord the unjustly displaced the respect due to them in virtue of their personal autonomy. Facts commonly alleged to justify the supersession of rights of return to T only provide evidence that the unjustly displaced have abandoned their rights to reside there, or would do so if given a just opportunity to return. The rights of those now residing in T, which author argues may include those responsible for the unjust displacement, may limit the right of return but are unlikely to preclude it altogether.     

疫情之下基于健康视角的农村进城务工人员 收入回报与提升研究

提升农村进城务工人员收入一直是近年来社会工作的重点,以往研究更多聚焦于农村进城务工人员教育、技术技能等的培养,忽视了健康的基石作用。新冠肺炎疫情的暴发,使健康的重要性再次受到关注。研究分析了健康对农村进城务工人员收入回报的影响,重点关注健康对农村进城务工人员和城镇职工这两类异质性劳动者收入可能存在的影响差异。研究表明,健康对两类就业人员收入的影响力度有差异,相比城镇职工,对于农村进城务工人员而言,健康是比教育更重要的人力资本。研究建议,在疫情防控进入常态化及推进新型城镇化进程中,为提升农村进城务工人员的收入回报,有关部门不应再局限于他们的教育、技能等认知能力的提升和培养,对其健康状况应同样给予足够重视,应通过完善医疗健康等社保体系支撑进城务工人员健康水平的提升,进而改善其收入。     

从治理理论看我国警察权的走向

目前,大多数对警察权的研究都从法理学的角度进行探讨,指出一个国家警察权的大小与其文明程度成反比例,但缺乏理论支撑。从治理理论探讨国家与社会的新型关系,得出警察权是国家公权力与民众博弈的结果,在此基础上分析警察权与警察职能的关系,强调新形势下警察职能的转变,从而推导出警察权的“四化”走向。将治理理论运用于法学领域,并用来分析研究警察权,不仅是法学理论上的创新,而且极具学术价值和现实意义。