善于学习、敢于胜利的党——对85年党史观察思考之一

85年的党史是极其丰富的宝藏,认真研究我们党善于学习,勇夺胜利这方面的经验教训,更自觉地在新世纪的实践中运用和发展,是纪念党的生日的很好的实际行动,特别要在现实的切入点上下功夫。     

人权概念的正当性何在?——康德伦理学对人权概念(以生命权为例)之奠基性意义

无论是人权概念的先验式还是经验式推定,它们所依赖的"人"这一概念都是近代以来的"自然人"———不凭借信仰和神性来支持生命意义的人。正是在一个韦伯所说的"脱魅"之后的世界中,康德论证了人本身的独立和绝对价值,从而为人权概念奠定了根基。以康德的论证来看待现代社会对生命权———死刑、堕胎和安乐死———的争论,或许能够获得新的理解。     

我国死刑制度现状评析

随着社会的发展 ,我国死刑制度的弊端日渐显现。基于我国国际形象和国际交往的需要 ,与国际条约、惯例接轨的要求 ,以及理论和实践的需要 ,在现实和理想之间 ,限制死刑理所当然 ,而废止死刑也应作为不懈追求的目标。     

Lay-Perspectives on Criminal Deviance,Goals of Punishment,and Punitivity

Empirical studies corroborate a relatively close relation between goals of sentencing and punitiveness. However, it is not clear what aspects of sentencing goals motivate harsh punishment. This study analyzes the structure of sentencing goals and scrutinizes in particular whether the idea of retribution is associated with punitiveness, or whether punishment considerations from a societal perspective (macrolevel) are the source of more punitive responses. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample drawn in Bern, Switzerland. A total of 357 persons responded to items measuring constructs including goals of sentencing, punitiveness, target of justice considerations, and perceived threat to society, after reading one of three short stories about specific crimes (fraud, physical injury, assault). Results of this study reveal a two-dimensional structure of sentencing goals. One dimension represents readiness to punish and exclude the offender socially. The other dimension refers to concerns of the victim versus the needs of the society as a whole. The analysis provides a new interpretation of sentencing goals.     

论刑法解释与解释文本的同步效力——兼论刑法适用的逻辑路径

我国刑法学界有观点认为,依照刑法关于溯及力的规定,能够直接推论出,刑法立法解释和司法解释也必须遵循“从旧兼从轻”的原则,否则便违反罪刑法定原则。这是不符合逻辑的。解决此问题应当遵循逻辑原则。刑法原则、规则的适用范围不应扩张至其逻辑倾向衰竭的场合,在其逻辑倾向强烈且没有衰弱的时候应当受到尊重而不宜被强行扭曲。在我国,刑法立法解释、司法解释和判例均不属于刑法的渊源,不受从旧兼从轻原则的限制。相反,刑法解释具有与解释文本即刑法同步的时间效力。     

浅谈流动人口的暂住管理

人口流动是现代化经济建设中出现的必然现象。当前我国流动人口暂住管理的问题是全面建设小康社会中亟待研究和解决的现实问题。     

改革实践的发展与人的发展

改革体现了人与社会的辩证统一。社会的人本身就是一个多面体,人的发展也表现为多方面的发展。我国的体制改革,作为解放和发展生产力的一种社会实践,就是要使社会经济运行机制的支撑点———主体的人的能动作用,得到最有效的发挥。人是构成社会有机体的能动主体。社会的改革,作为主体客体化的过程,是人的实践的产物。我国体制改革的实践,不仅推进了社会的发展,也促进了人的发展,使人的主体意识与综合素质不断提高和强化。     

保持艰苦奋斗政治本色承担建设小康社会历史重任

艰苦奋斗精神是中国共产党人的优良传统和政治本色。艰苦奋斗是党的基本经验之一 ,是我们取得新民主主义革命胜利、进行社会主义革命和建设、不断前进的强大精神力量 ,是由党的基本纲领、党的性质和党的宗旨所决定的 ,是同人民群众保持血肉联系的重要法宝 ,是保持党的先进性、使党立于不败之地的思想保障和思想脊梁。艰苦奋斗关系到中华民族的生存、发展、自立、自强。我们必须始终保持艰苦奋斗的政治本色 ,承担起全面建设小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史任务。     

全面建设小康社会与知识分子的历史使命

全面建设小康社会是中国特色的现代化必由之路。能否充分发挥知识分子的重要作用决定全面建设小康社会的进程 ,这是由知识分子所从事劳动的特点、知识分子在建设小康社会中的历史作用以及知识经济时代特征所决定的     

Distributive justice and willingness to pay for municipality child care

With the aim of investigating factors affecting willingness to pay for municipality child care, a survey was undertaken in Sweden of 1840 parents living in five municipalities of different sizes. On the basis of the greed-efficiency-fairness hypothesis (Wilke, 1991) which is supported by results from experimental social dilemma research, it was hypothesized that perceived fairness of how the quality of child care is distributed (equal, proportional to need, or proportional to payment) as well as of method of payment (collectively by taxes or proportional to use by fees) would be important determinants of willingness to pay. Results showed that perceived fairness of how quality of child care is distributed played some role but that other factors had stronger effects. Perhaps also reflecting fairness considerations, willingness to pay by fees was on average higher than willingness to pay by taxes. Predicted from previous research, willingness to pay by taxes was furthermore found to increase with income and degree of use. However, willingness to pay by taxes showed an increase rather than the predicted decrease with municipality size.