加强效能建设、提高执政能力、确保执政为民

转型期的中国各级地方政府为适应社会经济发展出现了新的变化,相继展开了政府效能革命。围绕建设服务型政府、改善政府管理方式、提高服务水平和服务效率、逐步建立健全各种制度,构建服务和促进社会经济发展的良好机制,开展政府效能革命已成为我国下一步改革的中心和重点。     

Age,Role Changes and Gender Power in Family Relationships

Abstract

This article explores the effect of a prison sentence on an inmate's female partner, with particular reference to the impact on ‘older’ women. Drawing on the findings of an empirical qualitative research study and the existing literature, this article considers the gender role changes prompted by imprisonment, and the strategies utilized by women in coping with consequent strain. The gendered nature of the impact of imprisonment is explored, and the article concludes by drawing on multidisciplinary feminist perspectives in criminology and family studies to assess the centrality of institutionalized ‘traditional’ expectations of appropriate women's behavior to women's experiences of, and responses to, male imprisonment.     

Positioning independent community media: Findings from a case study of six small South African newspapers

Abstract

This article brings defining aspects of ‘community media’ – as proposed by a group of media stakeholders – into dialogue with research findings from a study on small ‘independent media’. One significant difference between the two media sectors is that the former is usually understood as being driven by commune-style ownership and community control, and the latter by private ownership and profit-driven control. We argue that perceptions constructed by this difference potentially marginalise small independent media organisations. It may compromise their access to funding as well as obscure how, and how much, they contribute to their communities. We find that the six South African small independent newspapers in this research meet defining criteria for ‘community media’. Research findings on issues such as social responsibility, participatory democracy, media diversity and the generation of skills and wealth demonstrate how the principles and practices of the two media sectors overlap. So we propose ‘independent community media’ as a more inclusive and appropriate concept and term for small community-oriented publications, irrespective of their ownership profiles or relationship to profit. Independence is also examined – particularly how the newspapers balance editorial independence with outside control: this reveals inequitable practices currently threatening some newspapers’ survival and success.     

Councillors in Context: The Impact of Place upon Elected Representatives

Abstract

The time investment in council duties and the roles adopted by local councillors in Britain have been studied extensively but rarely has research incorporated information about the type of area represented. This article combines individual-level survey responses from councillors with aggregate-level data that describe characteristics of the wards that elect each councillor. The survey data report each councillor’s social and political characteristics, the average hours per week performing council duties and the range and frequency of activities undertaken. The ward-level data include a measure of relative social deprivation, electoral competitiveness and other features. The analysis shows that councillors representing relatively deprived areas spend more time on council activities than do councillors representing more affluent areas. The activities that councillors pursue, especially whether they are proactive or reactive towards constituents, relate to the ward context. Women and people that are retired from work also invest relatively more time in their work as councillors. These findings establish that assessments of what councillors do and the roles that they might adopt should take account of the types of ward being represented.     

诉讼过程中性别问题研究——以刑事诉讼中的角色平等为考察中心

传统的诉讼模式强调两造角色平等、武器对等,却很少关注到角色掩盖下不同性别的具体人的实质平等,从而导致平等在刑事诉讼过程中流于形式。通过质疑传统刑事诉讼不分诉讼主体性别的模式定位,可以发现问题的实质及危害,进而合理建构有条件的差异性平等,同时引起学者就性别问题于诉讼中尤其刑事诉讼中的运用给予更多关注。     

民国时期女子高等教育的性别议题--以金陵女子大学为个案

本文以金陵女子大学为个案,分析了民国时期女子大学所面临的一系列性别议题:女子大学的培养目标、课程设置中体现的性别角色之争、独身问题以及对贤妻良母主义的回应,通过反合并斗争对女性独立决策管理权的坚持,等等。     

中国工会研究 40 年 —— 对国内工会研究基本脉络与特点的评述

对国内近40年间的中国工会研究文献进行分析发现,中国工会研究一直表现出强烈的时代特点和现实关怀,其学术规范性在日趋增强,研究内容和方向也趋于多样化。今后中国工会研究应将结构分析与机制分析相结合,同时应加入历史维度。     

论政府在经济法主体中的角色定位

经济法主体理论的研究只注重经济法的主体范畴,却忽视其中的重要主体——政府——的角色定位。在全面推进深化改革的进程中,研究政府在经济法主体中的角色定位,能更加明确政府在市场经济中的权力界限。结合经济法的本质来定位政府在经济法中的角色,经济法不应单纯地属于公法,它还兼具私法性质。公法领域,政府作为主体不容置疑;而私法领域,政府并不必然作为经济法律关系的一方主体。     

论民主党派政治参与的双重功能

在中国特色社会主义政党制度中,民主党派的政治参与具有双重功能,即对其成员和所联系社会群众的利益代表功能和协助中国共产党为实现和维护社会公共利益服务的功能。正确认识和充分发挥民主党派在政治参与中的双重功能,是新世纪参政党建设的重要课题之一。     

大学生就业与政府角色调整

高等教育领域中的计划管理体制造成了政府角色的错位,在大学生就业领域缺乏有效的体制性安排表现出政府宏观调控的缺位。《就业促进法》等一系列法律法规解决了就业领域的法律缺位问题,明确了政府促进就业的职责和义务。本文针对大学毕业生这一特殊的就业群体所面临的就业困境,透过对政府角色的考量,分析、寻找解决就业难题的有效途径。