Race-Based Judgments, Race-Neutral Justifications: Experimental Examination of Peremptory Use and the Batson Challenge Procedure

Practically speaking, the peremptory challenge remained an inviolate jury selection tool in the United States until the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky. 476 U.S. 79 (1986). Batson's prohibition against race-based peremptories was based on two assumptions: (1) a prospective juror's race can bias jury selection judgments; (2) requiring attorneys to justify suspicious peremptories enables judges to determine whether a challenge is, indeed, race-neutral. The present investigation examines these assumptions through an experimental design using three participant populations: college students, advanced law students, and practicing attorneys. Results demonstrate that race does influence peremptory use, but these judgments are typically justified in race-neutral terms that effectively mask the biasing effects of race. The psychological processes underlying these tendencies are discussed, as are practical implications for the legal system.     

建设节约型政府的角色定位与路径选择

我国面对社会转型、市场化导向和行政管理体制深化改革的任务,必须尽可能节约行政成本,提高行政效率,才能建设精简高效的节约型政府。因此,我们需要依据科学发展观和可持续发展战略,重新审察政府行政成本,正确定位政府角色,确定节约型政府建设路径。     

论法治社会的非制度性生成机制——法治精神的塑造与培育

法治社会的成功构建,不仅取决于健全的法律体系,更依赖于法治精神对普通大众的广泛渗透。远观世界法治建设历程,可以发现,没有法治精神的滋润,良好的法律,设计精良的制度也会走样甚至形同虚设。近视我国法治建设现状,我国的法治建设最缺乏的也就是能够体现公平、正义等法治精神。为了更快地推进我国法治社会建设进程,我们就必须培育法治社会所必需的法治精神。     

Strengthening the citizens' role in international organizations

Today's international organizations are characterized by a fundamental deficit in democracy. We therefore propose institutional measures to increase the direct participation possibilities of the citizens in international organizations. In order to reduce the number of citizens involved in decision-making to a manageable size, a representative sample of trustees is selected using a random mechanism. The trustees are given the right to launch initiatives and to vote in referendums on issues related to an international organization's constitution. They can also recall executives when they are dissatisfied with their behavior. No specific changes to the organization of these entities, especially their executive function, are proposed. Rather, the executives of international organizations must obey the constitutional changes adopted by the trustees. The proposal gives international organizations democratic legitimacy. Moreover, the executives are subjected to the control of the citizens of the member states, which induces better responsiveness to the preferences of the people, as well as higher organizational efficiency. JEL codes D72 · 019     

简论和谐机关建设

建设和谐机关是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要环节,也是构建和谐社会的具体表现。在新的历史时期,建设和谐机关具有重大意义。建设和谐机关具有系统性和动态性,需要从管理层面和引导层面探索建设的规律性;需要有正确的目标和明确的任务;需要选择由机关精神、发展理念、先进典型、有效机制和新风正气共同铺设路径;还需要以人为本,紧紧抓住人这个决定性因素,多层次、全方位、多角度地做好人的工作。     

A Pragmatic Guide to Qualitative Historical Analysis in the Study of International Relations

Researchers using qualitative methods, including case studies and comparative case studies, are becoming more self–conscious in enhancing the rigor of their research designs so as to maximize their explanatory leverage with a small number of cases. One aspect of qualitative research that has not received as much attention is the use of primary and secondary source material as data or evidence. This essay explores the potential problems encountered by political scientists as they conduct archival research or rely on secondary source material produced by historians. The essay also suggests guidelines for researchers to minimize the main problems associated with qualitative historical research, namely, investigator bias and unwarranted selectivity in the use of historical source materials. These guidelines should enable advanced undergraduates and graduate students to enhance the quality of their historically minded political science scholarship.     

国内行政伦理学研究综述

关于行政伦理学研究的对象 ,国内学术界尚无定论 ,学者们一般是从行政伦理或是行政道德的界定出发 ,对行政伦理学的研究对象作出探讨 ;关于行政伦理学研究的核心内容 ,国内学术界已基本达成共识 ,大家普遍认同致力于行政伦理价值观的研究和探讨 ;关于行政伦理学研究的旨归 ,学者们一般都认为是行政伦理选择问题的探讨和解决。     

论英美法中本人身份不公开之代理

“本人身份不公开之代理制度”是英美代理法中特有的制度,集中体现了两大法系在代理制度上最为精髓的不同法律文化传统。对这一制度的深入研究,从理论上比较分析这一法律制度本质所在和法统所系,进而勘查优劣,对促进我国未来民法典中相关制度设计以及现实民商事交往的发展不无意义。     

发展大中城市:我国西部城市化道路的现实选择

西部城市化道路的选择,必须从全国整体出发,不但要促进西部经济的大飞跃,而且要使整个国家的经济能持续发展。西部从保护环境,走可持续发展的道路,合理配置社会资源,追求效率最大化,发展合理的城市规模等级体系,发挥城市体系的整体功能,满足人类本性要求,实现社会发展最终目的等角度考虑,发展大中城市是西部城市化道路的现实选择。     

论邓小平关于选用人的人才观

邓小平的人才观主要体现为辩证的选人用人观和彻底唯物主义的人才观,他的这一思想为我国人才的脱颖而出和走上领导岗位铺平了道路,这是他对马列主义理论宝库的又一重大理论贡献。