价格听证中消费者参加人遴选机制的困境与出路--基于北京市价格听证实践的考察

价格听证在经过各方最初的热情追捧后，正面临前所未有的困境，社会公信力每况愈下。其原因是多方面的，而消费者无法有效参与价格听证无疑是其社会公信力下降的重要原因。这其中，消费者参加人遴选机制的不合理又扮演着重要作用。因而，需要在理解消费者参加人在价格听证中重要作用的基础上，厘清当前消费者参加人遴选机制所面临的诸多问题，提出应对之策。进而在对各种遴选方案进行利弊分析的基础上，选择一条适合各地实际的消费者参加人遴选机制。     

The Dynamics Of Nationalist Terrorism: ETA and the IRA

Nationalist terrorism aspires to independence or greater autonomy for some territory. The combination of territorial claims and armed struggle gives rise to a very definite strategy, violence intended to coerce the State. Nationalist terrorist organizations kill repeatedly with the aim of breaking the will of the State. They engage in a peculiar sort of war of attrition with the State. This paper analyzes comparatively the war of attrition strategy in two organizations, ETA and the IRA. The focus of the paper is on strategy: it examines how ETA and the IRA understood their activity in terms of war of attrition and how they developed their strategy subject to some constraints, such as the moderate preferences of their supporters. I show that popularity constraints account for the high degree of selectivity in their killings. The analysis is based on a combination of historical information, internal documents, and a large data set I have constructed of the killings of these two organizations.     

警察维权困境与出路——基于合法性视角的观察

警察权益受损可以通过合法性视角而得到观察。它是合法性形式规范结构体系不完整和实质指向发生偏差的综合反映,是制度化不力的结果。合法性困境的一面是警察权益受损,另一面则是公民权益受损。社会变迁加剧了这种局面,但也展示了变革的趋向。改变这一困境的出路在于制度化建设,其基本路径是：在价值取向上,公民权具有优先性,警察权威的树立应与公民权的保护相一致;在实践上,秩序具有优先性,公民权只有在秩序之下才能逐步完善,因而,警察权威的树立应先行。在此种格局下,警察权益受损是社会变迁的代价,其救济主要通过警察组织内部途径而予以实现。司法救济只能通过补偿警察作为公民权益受损而实现。作为公权的警察权益只有在公民权得到根本改善的前提下才能在司法渠道上得以实现,而这是一个长期的过程。     

Differences in the usefulness of communication channels,as experienced by gender and ethnic groups during their university selection process

Abstract

Recruiting students to enrol at a particular institution is becoming a competitive and challenging process for higher education institutions. Therefore, institutions should create efficient and effective ways of providing relevant information to prospective students during their process of selecting an institution. The major communication channels that prospective students consult during their selection process, and the usefulness thereof for students, are important knowledge imperatives for higher education institutions. In this study, 12 different channels of communication, considered by students during a typical higher education institution selection process, were investigated. A non-probability convenience sample of 1 241 first-year students from six higher education institutions in South Africa was drawn. Findings suggest that female students attach a significantly higher value to nine of the 12 communication channels, compared to their male counterparts. There were also differences between the ethnic groups in terms of the usefulness of events on campus, high school teachers, open days and campus visits, as well as university publications. Higher education institutions can use the results to develop communication strategies that are more student oriented, in order to reinforce their image and to reach students more effectively through the appropriate communication channels.     

北极航线地缘安全格局演变研究

随着全球变暖,北极冰盖加速融化,北极航线的全线开通预期逐渐临近,以北极航线为对象的资源争夺和地缘政治斗争将成为新的发展形势,北极航线地缘安全问题也将愈加重要。北极航线地缘安全扩大了北极地区地缘安全的范围,能够为北极地区地缘安全提供保障,是其他大北极国家参与北极地区地缘安全的切入点,也是北极地区地缘安全的重要组成部分。北极航线地缘安全主要是指与北极航线有地缘关系的世界各国在争取北极航线权益过程中涉及和带来的安全问题。在北极航线地缘安全中,政治军事安全是重点。并且,北极航线地缘安全关系到全球地缘政治安全和全球地缘经济安全,是维护海洋权益的前沿,如果处理不好,其危害程度较大。北极航线地缘安全在国际协调机制、现有国际法律、大国行为和北极航线的可利用程度等因素的影响下,将形成多集团相互博弈的格局,为此需要建立相应的安全规范和协调机制。现有的关于北极航线的相关协调机制不足以应对北极航线地缘安全状况,文章提出应该建立"大北极机制"以协调处理北极航线问题。"大北极机制"符合北极航线地缘安全的需要,有利于维护北极航线地缘安全和稳定。     

正确把握全面建设小康社会的历史方位

如何正确把握和科学判断全面建设小康社会的历史方位,本文认为应该通过对社会主义自身建设和发展进程中的重大问题加以反思,正确选择和对待相应的参照系,从而为更加深刻地认识全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标提供理性思索的基点。     

江泽民关于培养选拔优秀年轻干部的思想

培养和选拔大批优秀年轻干部,始终是我们党的一项战略任务。江泽民从战略大局出发,提出要加紧培养选拔适应新世纪要求的优秀年轻干部,着重帮助他们提高思想政治素质,使之成为忠诚于马克思主义、坚持走中国特色社会主义道路、会治党治国的新一代政治家。同时,要从年轻干部的成长规律出发,采取切实可行的措施,促使他们健康成长。     

试论构建大众化与专业化二元结构的人民监督员选任模式

现行人民监督员选任的精英化倾向存在一些弊端,也偏离了制度设计的初衷。人民监督员制度的运行特点为我们提供了大众化与专业化分化组合的重构人民监督员选任模式的思路,循此思路可以初步给出人民监督员二元结构构建的制度安排。     

东北亚出海贸易的双边道

全球经济一体化,这是当今世界经济发展的大趋势,中国加入WTO之后,受这种潮流的影响越来越大。地处东北亚的中国、俄罗斯的部分地区和日本、韩国、朝鲜自然形成了东北亚经济区。建立东北亚经济区山海大通道对该地区的经济和社会发展是十分重要的,东宁处于东北亚出海大通道的节点上,建立东宁-乌苏里斯克-东方港出海贸易大通道将进一步促进黑龙江省、我国东北地区、东北亚地区乃至大平洋地区和亚太地区的经济发展。     

政治文明建设的价值、目标追求与战略选择

政治文明是社会主义本质的重要体现和基本特征,建设政治文明有重大的理论价值和实践价值;建设政治文明的价值目标是实现公民更为广泛的自由和建设民主政治;建设政治文明的战略重点应当是共产党率先实现自身现代化、完善民主法治机制和完善舆论强力监督制度。