培育乡村社会资本:解决农村集体行动困境的内源基础

乡村社会资本把微观层次的乡村居民的个体行为与宏观层次的集体选择结合在一起,以合作互利为分析前提,说明个人理性与社会理性、个人利益与社会利益能够达成统一,因而既是集体行动中农民合作的基础,也是乡村治理强有力的社会资源。这要求我们培育乡村社会资本,为农民合作与乡村治理提供良好的内源基础。     

新农村建设中的社会和谐问题研究（中）

新农村建设中的社会和谐问题研究具有重大意义。新中国成立以来，党和政府先后三次提出新农村建设问题。尽管每次提出的历史背景不同，设定的目标也各有侧重，但都不同程度地促进了我国农村的建设和发展。而随着时代的发展，人的观念和认识问题的角度、方法也有了很大的改变，所以对于这次提出的新农村建设，就只有放在社会和谐的大背景下来思考，才能实现其制定的远大目标，实现中华民族的全面复兴。     

乡村人文环境优化的思考

当前我国部分乡村建设发展之所以步履维艰,除自然经济环境困扰外,更主要是乡村人文环境造成的。农民的价值观念品位较低,僵化沉重的日常生活世界造成农民个性的萎缩,人文精神的失落导致乡村社会问题的增生。因此,我们必须提出相应的对策,为乡村建设和现代化推进提供坚实的人文动力,奠定坚实的人文基础。     

建立我国存款保险制度的法理思考

随着我国金融体制改革进程的不断深入,金融市场化、国际化进程的加快,加之金融业竞争的加剧和世界性金融危机的不断出现,探索建立适合我国国情的存款保险制度、形成适应市场经济要求的金融稳定机制就成为当前一项重要的任务。本文就建立存款保险制度的法理依据和现实依据以及我国存款保险立法应遵循的基本原则进行了论述。     

从公平效率角度看农村个人所得税的开征

农村个人所得税的开征,无论是从公平还是从效率的角度看,都是不合时宜的。根据权利义务的统一性,农民没有享受到跟城镇居民相同的权利,如果让他们履行同样的义务,无疑是不公平的。考虑到中国农村的实际情况,开征也不符合效率原则。     

统筹城乡经济社会发展的几个原则

要按照十六大报告精神,统筹城乡经济社会发展,实现城乡共同繁荣,必须坚持六大方针原则,即城乡平等互利原则,优势互补原则,非均衡协调发展原则,制度创新原则,两手结合调控原则,可持续发展原则.     

论当前农村部分基层党组织的不适应性与加强建设的紧迫性

党的基层组织是党执政的重要基础 ,十四届四中全会以来 ,农村基层党组织建设取得了显著成绩 ,但还存在不适应性的问题。在新的历史条件下 ,必须加强农村基层党组织的建设 ,以适应新形势发展变化     

Calling Attention to the Importance of Assisting Male Survivors of Sexual Victimization

ABSTRACT

Most of the research focusing on sexual victimization on college campuses has focused on females as victims. This attention is warranted given that studies have consistently found that females are at more risk of experiencing victimization compared to males. However, a drawback of this emphasis is that laypersons may incorrectly believe that men cannot be victims too. This belief is directly challenged by various findings that indicate college men are also sexually assaulted. In order to draw attention to this under researched topic, we used data from a recent climate survey conducted at a mid-sized rural institution of higher education. The results of this study indicated that males, in addition to females, experienced various types of sexual victimization in this setting.     

Family strategy of economic inequality among brothers in Korean rural society, 1690–1795

This article examines how inequality among brothers was practised as a family strategy in Korean south-eastern rural society from the end of the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century as a response to local economic changes. The Wolchon area experienced a process of downward levelling in this period. Using the household registers and land registers, the authors reconstituted 58 families with brothers who held land and 406 families who possessed nobi (‘serfs’ or ‘slaves’) for further examination. As a family strategy, most of these families attempted a strategy of unequal inheritance that resulted in maintaining high economic status for only one of the children among all the brothers. This child, in most cases, would be the eldest son, but also could be another son. The degree of inequality among brothers with regard to nobi-holding declined over time. Most families successfully maintained inequality, and through this family status, by efficiently practising the unequal inheritance strategy, while some families failed to keep the same level of inequality by the end of the eighteenth century. The degree of inequality among brothers is intimately connected to family property size. Each family sought its own strategy to suit the actual economic condition of the family. While very wealthy families attempted to give a similar inheritance to all brothers to provide an equal chance to each of them, less wealthy families reduced the survival chances of some children by the concentration of property given to only one child.     

农村集体土地制度的宪法解释

八二宪法的集体土地制度包括所有权层面和使用权层面。无论是五四宪法还是八二宪法,从农民土地所有权到集体土地所有权的变化无非是国家管理农村经济手段的变化。但八二宪法的土地承包经营权之确立既带有国家管理手段变化的色彩,也带有基本权利的色彩。土地承包经营权的出现与自留地的保留一样,也是农民用生存权进行抗争的结果。因为其生存权属性,土地承包经营权具有对抗国家性,当然这种对抗国家性是伴随着现代法治观念的传播逐渐增强的。同时,由于其内在缺陷,生存权无法完全有效对抗国家权力,农村土地承包经营权需要从生存权本质转向自由权本质。