Unclogging Courts by Targeting Litigant Incentives: The Case of the Brazilian Labour Justice Reform

Overburdened courts hinder economic and social progress, yet successful court reforms are rare. Instead of boosting judicial resources or adapting procedure, Brazil tackled persistent backlogs and delays in its labour courts by replacing the pre-existing each-pays-their-own-costs (American) rule for allocation of litigation expenses with an alternative loser-pays-all (English) rule. Using a newly assembled court-level panel dataset and difference-in-differences approach, we show that the reform alleviated the courts' demand pressures and, most importantly, increased court efficacy in both adjudication and enforcement. The Brazilian experience offers valuable policy lessons about viable court reforms for other jurisdictions.     

农民增收问题略探--以桂林地区为例

现阶段农民增收存在诸多困难,必须加快城镇化步伐,大力促进农村教育特别是职业教育,有序转移农村富余势力,发展乡镇企业和新型合作经济,实现农民增收.     

德宏州全面建设小康社会面临的难题及对策

农民人均收入低、增长慢,城乡收入差距逐年扩大,是德宏州全面建设小康社会面临的突出问题.为此,一要抓农村剩余劳动力转移,二要抓城镇化建设,提高城市化水平.     

“三个代表”重要思想与当代中国政治体制改革

从生产力发展要求的层面来看,政治体制改革在客观上要适应经济体制改革的需要;从政治文化的角度来看,"三个代表"重要思想为政治体制改革提供了智力和思想上的支持;从代表最广大人民的根本利益来看,"三个代表"重要思想指明了当代中国政治体制改革的根本目的.     

落实科学的发展观 统筹城乡协调发展——论民族地区城乡协调发展与全面建设小康社会

树立科学的发展观,统筹民族地区城乡经济社会发展,要以农民增收为核心,以加快发展县域经济为途径,以城镇化和工业化为载体,走以城带乡、以工扶农、以商促农、城乡互动、协调发展的道路.     

Remortgaging Women's Lives: The World Bank'sLand Agenda in Africa

In recent months, the World Bank has issued a series of draft policy reports on land relations. This is the first time in over two decades that the Bank has sought to review its policy on lending in the land sector. Access to the draft reports and participation in the consultation process has, however, been severely limited. Nonetheless, the World Bank expects to issue the final Report by the end of this year. This paper presents a gender analysis of the two draft documents that have been made available to date. It assesses their implications for gender relations in Africa. It explores the World Bank's promotion of formal rural credit and challenges the assumption of the availability of women's unpaid agricultural labour. The paper argues that, far from being over, the struggle over land relations which has characterised the last decade in Africa, must continue. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

从韶关市村委会的构成看农村妇女政治参与

对韶关市村委会构成的抽样调查表明 :村委会构成中妇女比例小且处于配角地位 ,农村妇女政治参与意识弱且与当地经济发展水平无明显因果关系 ;妇女的传统角色定位、指派荐举方式、文化素质、农户独立耕作制度是农村妇女政治参与的障碍。应通过鼓励、政策倾斜及妇联组织介入提高妇女在村委会中的比例 ,调动农村妇女的政治参与热情     

农村合作经济组织立法刍议

基于农村合作经济组织立法的必要性与紧迫性 ,农村合作经济组织应采取分业立法模式 ,分别立法 ,重点是制定单独的《农业专业合作社法》 ,并明确农业专业合作社的法律地位 ,合作社设立、变更与撤销 ,合作社管理 ,合作社成员的权利和义务 ,合作社产权及盈余分配制度等。     

法律降低交易成本的机制分析

在法律的经济分析中 ,交易成本是一个重要的分析工具。要揭示法律降低交易成本的功能 ,首先要解决交易成本的计量问题。交易成本的计量应以交易成本与交易价值的比值来界定 ,以此得出交易成本与交易次数之间的关系 ,从而为法律的经济分析提供一个可靠的基础。     

转型期农村思想政治工作面临的挑战和对策

当代中国农村社会正处在加速转型期,农村思想政治工作必须有针对性地与加快农村经济发展、有效地解决群众实际问题、树立农民正确观念、抓好基层组织建设相结合,采用灵活科学的方法,开创农村思想政治工作新途径。