Everyday health security practices as disaster resilience in rural Bangladesh

Health security is a relatively new concept in terms of how it is practised in disaster-prone locales. We observed 10 rural households in Bangladesh for four months using informal interviews, field diaries, and observation. The findings suggest that the everyday practises of health security involve the capabilities of “caring for themselves” in resource-constrained contexts. Understanding how households care for themselves prior to and during disasters presents an opportunity to examine how improved health might reduce the effects of disasters, ill health, and poverty. Some interventions are proposed to improve health security for poorer households in general and women in particular.     

论我国“精神卫生法”的称谓

我国2013年5月实施的《精神卫生法》以“精神卫生法”命名,这一称谓无法涵盖该法的全部规范、立法目的,容易将该法的社会法性质误解成行政法,还可能影响法的实施,与其他国家立法称谓的变化趋势相脱节.因此,基于明确立法目的,保护精神障碍者基本权利的社会法性质,顺应当今全体国民的精神健康追求,以及我国加入的国际人权公约等因素,我国现行“精神卫生法”宜正名为“精神健康法”.     

Education. Period. Developing an acceptable and replicable menstrual hygiene intervention

This paper summarises pilot work by Irise International to develop an acceptable and replicable solution to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in East Africa based around the manufacture of a reusable pad. The paper presents a theoretical justification for the approach and the results of pilot work used to develop it, including baseline menstrual hygiene practices and their relationship to school absenteeism in schoolgirls in western Kenya, the short-term impact of training girls to make a reusable product on school absenteeism using a partial preference, parallel group randomised control trial, and an assessment of the acceptability of the approach.     

Adaptation vs. development: basic services for building resilience

In a transect along Indus River after the 2010 floods in Pakistan, this article explores the relationship between the use and duration of use of basic services, among those who recovered well and those who did not, using non-parametric statistical testing in a quasi-experimental design. The research shows a clear and strong correlation between access and duration of usage of certain services before the disaster, and the rate of recovery in each location. This analysis demonstrates a relatively robust and cost-effective methodology to identify and prioritise development interventions that build resilience against climatic shocks that are not undertaken at the cost of poverty reduction.     

Urban development falling into the gutter: sanitation planning and ‘anti-politics’ in Myanmar

Urban development, and particularly the improvement of basic services delivery, is still approached in mostly technical terms by international development actors and municipalities of the Global South. Sanitation planning, for instance, remains the realm of engineers despite decades of evidence that conventional approaches focusing on infrastructure upgrading have failed to tackle socio-environmental challenges. Against this background, this paper explores sanitation planning in Mandalay, the second largest city of Myanmar. Here, the Asian Development Bank and a French consulting firm have seized the opportunity created by the country’s recent opening to embark with the municipality on a multi-million dollar scheme: the Mandalay Urban Services Improvement Project (MUSIP). Drawing upon insights from critical development studies, the paper argues that the MUSIP can be interpreted as an ‘anti-politics machine’ that ignored local needs and proposed disputable solutions to local sanitation challenges. The paper further explores how this machine jeopardised urban development in Mandalay more generally, and was eventually challenged by the municipality. The paper concludes that the case is not unique and illustrates how urban development is today being reshaped throughout Myanmar, while it also shows the continued relevance of the ‘anti-politics’ framework to understand contemporary urban development assistance projects.     

丰台区城乡结合部和农村环境卫生设施建设与管理工作研究

城乡结合部和农村环境卫生设施建设与管理工作严重滞后 ,极大地影响城市环境卫生整体水平的提高。本文在对丰台区城乡结合部和农村环卫设施情况进行深入调查的基础上 ,指出了存在问题 ,并提出了一些建设性的意见。     

The role of marginalised women in sanitation initiatives: Somali women in northern Kenya

Research has shown women from marginalised communities have significant articulated needs for sanitation that are often unmet. Using focus group discussions with displaced Somali women living in rural villages in northern Kenya, this study found that women’s central concerns were for personal safety and convenience rather than hygiene; and for alleviation from the pain and discomfort associated with female genital mutilation and reproduction. Based on the findings, the article recommends organisations supporting sanitation initiatives should adopt approaches responsive to women’s particular concerns and needs. It makes specific recommendations for implementing an agenda of participation in a context where women are highly marginalised.     

城乡结合部环境卫生管理工作研究

城乡结合部环境卫生的脏乱现象，严重影响和制约着城市环境卫生整体水平的提高，通过大量的调研，提出了解决这种现象的对策。     

中华苏维埃共和国卫生防疫保障成效之考察

中华苏维埃共和国成立后,为了遏制大规模疫病在苏区的蔓延流行,履行人民政府保障人民生命健康的神圣职责,苏维埃临时中央政府在卫生防疫保障上采取了一系列救治和防范措施,把疫病灾害减少到最低程度:构建卫生防疫组织体系;创立疫病、疫情报告制度;开展群众性卫生防疫运动;普及卫生防疫知识。中华苏维埃共和国卫生防疫保障之成效,不仅成为中华医学防疫保障史上的瑰宝,还是中国共产党维护和保障中国人权的历史见证。     

"用工"法律问题初探

随着我国《劳动合同法》把建立劳动关系的判断标志从“签约”修改为“用工”,研究与用工相关的法律问题显得日渐迫切。用工的内涵,可界定为用人单位招用劳动者为其成员,劳动者在用人单位的管理下,提供由用人单位支付报酬的劳动行为。认定用工是否成立,我们应根据双方主体是否合格、是否有劳动给付和接受行为、双方关系是否符合“从属性”标准要求等要件来作出判断。其中,对于“用工之日”的认定,应设置特别规定。关于如何理解用工和签约之间的效力关系,应区分“同时用工和签约”、“先用工后签约”、“先签约后用工”这三种不同情形,进行具体分析。