WTO框架之下构建我国技术法规和标准体系的思考

为了消除国际贸易中不合理、不必要的技术性贸易壁垒,TBT与SPS协定应运而生。WTO在鼓励成员方采纳国际标准,或是在科学根据的前提之下制定高于国际标准的同时,WTO/TBT、SPS协议对各国技术法规的制定和实施采取了一系列约束性规定。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,完善的技术法规和标准体系对于我国开拓海外市场,促进出口,以及提高国内产品质量,保障消费者利益等都有着十分重要的意义。因此,我国政府相关部门必须结合我国国情,在广泛借鉴并认真研究WTO相关规则的基础上,构建我国的技术法规和标准体系。     

三妙丸方诸药基原考

目的 对《医学正传》三妙丸中诸药的基原植物进行考证,为临床正确选药提供依据。方法 查阅古代本草、方书和2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》（一部）及相关研究文献,梳理三妙丸的使用沿革,研究三妙丸及其加味方的使用历史。结果 三妙丸中牛膝原载为川牛膝,其原植物或为川牛膝Cyathula officinalis Kuan。然清代、民国时期多用怀牛膝组方,其原植物为怀牛膝Achyranthes bidentata Bl.。现今临床川牛膝、怀牛膝皆用,而《中华人民共和国药典》规定三妙丸中用怀牛膝。方中苍术原载为苍术,原植物为茅苍术Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.,现今多使用其栽培品以及北苍术A. chinensis (DC.) Koidz.。方中黄柏即为川黄柏Phellodendron chinense Schneid.,供应不足时亦可用关黄柏P. amurense Rupr.代替。结论 三妙丸方中3味药的基原植物分别为川牛膝、茅苍术和川黄柏。     

坚守中医学核心内涵是高等中医教育的根本

中医学的核心内涵是病机的主体地位及其审证求因、审因论治的构建过程,表现为关系中心论;西医学的核心内涵是基于解剖学的靶点金标准,表现为实体中心论。中西医学的核心内涵是认识中西医学差异的出发点,也是消除当代高等中医教育所面临的困惑——公众不了解中医科学体系的前提。按照中医学的自身规律对现有的课程体系、教学内容和教学方法进行改革是解决上述困惑的必由之路,而中医学专业教师对于中医学核心内涵的把握是其中的关键。     

新时代我国民族研究的发展动态、范式及展望

民族研究发展动态的厘析有助于及时掌握民族理论与实践以及民族学科外延的国内外进展,可以进一步了解民族研究的范式特征与发展趋势。基于2016-2018年866项国家社科基金"民族研究"立项项目样本的统计与归类分析,经研究发现,民族发展研究范式具有整体性、公认性和可模仿性三大特征。样本分析亦显示,新时代民族研究凸显出:融入新时代新思想与新理念、回应重大理论与现实问题、应用信息化治理模式常态化、增进民族人文价值关怀、加速学科交叉与冷门学科发展、注重本土研究与国际视野接轨的六大发展趋势。     

奥巴马政府监管的行为法经济学分析——“成本收益国家”在“行为时代”的人性化改革

奥巴马政府以行为科学和行为法经济学的成果为科学基础，从完善监管和监管审查，促进国际监管合作，以及减少监管负担三个主要方面进行了政府监管改革。这是对成本收益分析传统的完善和补充，是一种更加符合行为法经济学实证和规范要求的人性化和合理化政府监管模式。     

对强制隔离戒毒执行工作实施执法监督的思考

2008年6月1日《中华人民共和国禁毒法》颁布生效后，我国形成了强制隔离戒毒决定权和执行权相分离的全新戒毒体系，从法理精神和司法体制改革方向上来说不愧为一大进步，更加有利于对执法权主体的监督，但由于这种监督多半是作用于实施决定权的主体，且当前强制隔离戒毒执行工作执法监督方面的立法缺失和配套制度的不完善，以及强制隔离戒毒执行工作的方法模式尚处于初级阶段，实际运作中，对强制隔离戒毒执行主体的执法监督存在着从立法层面到实施层面的缺失，     

刑事简易程序的改革与完善——以我国台湾地区相关立法为参考

简易程序是提高诉讼效率、合理配置司法资源的重要方式。我国的刑事简易程序确立于1996年刑事诉讼法,新刑事诉讼法又对其进行了重要改革。但任何制度设置均不可能毕其功于一役,需要通过实践发现问题、总结经验,并在借鉴域外立法的基础上,不断完善。本文将通过参考我国台湾地区相关立法,对我国刑事简易程序的未来发展方向提出建议,主要内容包括简易程序多元化、加强被告人权利保障与改革救济途径三方面。     

The association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion in men: a test of possible mediators

ABSTRACT

We examined the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical abuse (CPA), sexual domain variables, antisocial tendencies, and sexually coercive behaviour in a non-forensic sample of 173 heterosexual men. CSA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, a more extensive sexual life history, and early antisocial tendencies. CPA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, more self-reported delinquency, higher sensation seeking, and early antisocial tendencies. Sexual domain variables (e.g. number of sexual partners, sexual interest in sadomasochism) mediated the link between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour, but antisocial domain variables (e.g. delinquency, sensation seeking) did not. Of the two sexual domains examined, extensive sexual life history rather than paraphilias mediated the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour. These results suggest CSA and CPA are associated with both sexual and antisocial outcomes, and that, for some victims of CSA, having an extensive sexual life history may account for the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour later in life.     

‘Without Education You Can Never Become President’: Teenage Pregnancy and Pseudo-empowerment in Post-Ebola Sierra Leone

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the emergence of ‘teenage pregnancy’ as a new policy focus in post-Ebola Sierra Leone and explores how Sierra Leoneans interpret the problem of ‘teenage pregnancy’. I argue that the new policy focus is not indicative of changing or new problems. Rather, ‘teenage pregnancy’ has created opportunities for donors and the Government of Sierra Leone to continue cooperation in gender politics. At the same time, Sierra Leoneans are clearly concerned about ‘teenage pregnancy’, and many agree with sensitization campaigns that responsibilize young women and girls while downplaying structural factors that render them vulnerable to arrangements involving transactional sex.     

Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) development under fluoxetine effect using two drug administration models

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, commonly used for the treatment of a variety of psychopathological conditions. As such, fluoxetine may be expected to appear in clinical and forensic cases. Dermestes maculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) has been recognized as a relevant component of the insect fauna associated with decomposing human and animal remains. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of fluoxetine on developing D. maculatus using two‐drug administration models: a non‐living animal model (pork muscle) and a living one (Sus scrofa L. pigs). We assessed the duration of immature stages and total life cycle, as well as morphological parameters (body length, cephalic width, and weight). The effect of fluoxetine was studied at an overdose concentration: In the non‐living animal model the drug was mixed with macerated pork muscle (2000 mg/kg) and in the living animal model, pigs were given the drug orally (833 mg/kg). A control was used for each model. Daily observations were performed from the beginning to the end of the experiments. GC‐MS was used for drug detection and quantification. There were no statistically significant differences in the duration of immature stages, life cycle, larval mortality, morphological parameters, or sex ratio, between treatment and control, regardless of the drug administration model. Given that fluoxetine had no detectable effect on the development of D. maculatus, detection of this drug in forensic situations would not compromise the accuracy of PMI estimations.