宪法视野中的刑事搜查问题研究

刑事搜查是侦查机关行使侦查权的重要方面,但在其实行过程当中时有发生的侵害公民人身和财产等宪法权利的事件,反映出目前我国在刑事搜查及其制度等方面有待进一步完善,以保证在不违背宪法对公民权利保障的基础上,充分实现刑事搜查在追诉犯罪中的重要作用。     

刑事搜查初探

在刑事诉讼中,搜查是一项常见的侦查行为,其具有强制性、程序的严格性、结果的双重性等特征。因此,搜查应被慎重适用。而有关搜查的适用条件,则可以从实体和程序等方面予以限制。至于搜查中的法律监督,因搜查主体不同而有所区别。应从权利保障的角度,构造我国完整的刑事搜查制度。     

Attentional biases to emotion in impulsive and instrumental violent offenders: an event-related potential study

Background: Interpersonal violent behavior is often induced by extreme emotional states but the effects of emotional stimuli on this behavior remain poorly understood. Aim: We compared the effects of emotional stimuli on behavior in individuals with a history of impulsive or instrumental violence to test for either general problems in processing of emotional stimuli or problems in disengagement from this type of information. Methods: Behavioral and electrophysiological data were collected using emotional stimuli preceding a Posner Cuing Task. Results: Impulsive violent individuals showed more attentional resource allocation to angry faces whereas instrumental violent individuals attended less to sad faces. Electrophysiological measures showed there were differences in attentional allocation leading to differences when disengaging from invalid emotional cues, rather than a pattern indicating differences in early processing in extrastriate cortex. Conclusions: Different emotion–attention problems are seen in impulsive and instrumental violent offenders due to abnormalities in disengaging attention from specific types of emotional content.     

刑事搜查制度研究

各国的搜查制度各有不同,然而一般都遵循令状、特定性、合理根据、人格权的特别保障等原则。从人权保障的角度出发,我国有必要借鉴国外的有益做法,对现行的搜查制度逐步地予以完善。     

公安执法中“人身搜查”技巧探析——澳警在人身搜查执法中给予的启示

人身搜查是公安执法人员在执法过程中对犯罪嫌疑人或犯罪分子采取的一种强制性措施,是警务实战的重要组成部分,我们应该从人身搜查技战术的安全性和实效性两方面入手,防止在执法过程中由于麻痹、轻敌或搜查动作不规范、不正确给执法人员带来伤害;同时,借鉴澳大利亚警察执法人员在人身搜查活动中的策略和方法,能给我们有益的启示。     

Evaluating the impact of IMF programs: A comparison of matching and instrumental-variable estimators

We examine the impact of IMF programs on economic performance in 95 developing countries over the period 1993–2002. Three macroeconomic measures of economic performance are considered: the real per capita economic growth rate, the ratio of the fiscal surplus to GDP, and the ratio of the current account surplus to GDP. Three estimation techniques are used: censored-sample, full-sample instrumental-variable, and matching. Substantively, we find little statistical support that IMF programs contemporaneously improve real economic growth in participating countries, but stronger evidence of an improvement in economic growth in years following a program. We find that both the fiscal ratio and the current-account ratio improve contemporaneously with IMF participation relative to the counterfactual, with effects in succeeding years differing little from the impact effects. We conclude that the program-effect estimates of matching and other estimators will differ largely because of the sample included in estimation. Matching by its nature excludes country episodes associated with extreme values of the propensity score, while the instrumental-variable estimator includes those. If there is heterogeneity of performance response in extreme vs. moderate cases, the estimates differ systematically between the two techniques. JEL codes F33 · F34 · C34     

Predicting pretrial misconduct with drug tests of arrestees: Evidence from eight settings

Identifying defendants at high risk of pretrial misconduct is a major problem for the judiciary. Currently, some have argued that testing arrestees for recent drug use is one way to distinguish between those who will and those who will not commit pretrial misconduct. The research reported here questions whether the incremental predictive power resulting from drug testing always improves predictions of pretrial misconduct. Using survival analysis to study time until rearrest and a probit model to analyze the occurrence of a failure to appear, we show that urine test results have no consistent power to predict pretrial misconduct after accounting for defendant's criminal records, community ties, and other factors commonly known by the court. These results are based on our analysis of eight data sets from different locales, time periods, and age groups.     

新闻搜索服务的版权争议：国外实践及启示

新闻搜索引擎服务给人们的生活带来了极大的方便，但由于新闻搜索服务不符合版权法合理使用制度的规定，版权问题已成为制约其发展的屏障。搜索服务商充分尊重新闻媒体的版权价值，与新闻媒体实行利益共享，“以技术换版权”，是解决新闻搜索版权问题的必由之路。     

从“杨佳事件”看群体归因偏向及其对警民关系的启示

"杨佳事件"中民众的舆论反应给警民关系的建设敲响了警钟,民众的群体归因偏向导致警民关系越走越远。研究并解释民众群体归因偏向产生的机制和原因,并制定合适的应对策略,对建立良好的警民关系和缓解负面事件对警察形象的影响具有重大意义。