Utilizing a magnetic locator to search for buried firearms and miscellaneous weapons at a controlled research site

Forensic personnel generally use basic all-metal detectors for weapon searches because of their ease of use and cost efficiency. For ferromagnetic targets, an alternative easy to use and low-cost geophysical tool is a magnetic locator. The following study was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a common, commercially available magnetic locator in forensic weapon searches by determining the maximum depth of detection for 32 metallic forensic targets and testing the effects of metallic composition on detection. Maximum depth of detection was determined for 16 decommissioned street-level firearms, six pieces of assorted scrap metals, and 10 blunt or bladed weapons by burying each target at 5-cm intervals until the weapons were no longer detected. As expected, only ferromagnetic items were detected; weapons containing both ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic components were generally detected to shallower depths. Overall, the magnetic locator can be a useful addition to weapon searches involving buried ferromagnetic weapons.     

The Google conundrum: Perpetrator or facilitator on the net? – Forging a fair copyright framework of rights, liability and responsibility in response to search engine 2.0 – Part I: The Google Images Search Engine

Is Google in its quest for search engine optimization through the creation of new technologies, which not only improves its search algorithms but also refines its search functions for users, doing it in a manner that makes it a perpetrator of primary copyright infringement or an invaluable facilitator for Internet functionality? How should the balance of interests in the treatment of creative works be recalibrated in the face of changes in search engine technology and operations, and the disputes that have arisen within the last decade in the context of the digital age and its needs? Using Google as a case study, this paper will look at the two main areas of dispute over the operations of information locator tools and services that either threatens search engine functionality and efficiency or weakens copyright holders’ exclusive rights. It proposes a concerted set of solutions through a reassessment and amendment of copyright law to optimize the social benefits and objectives of both the copyright regime and technological innovations in the electronic model of information archiving, indexing and delivery. A fair distribution of responsibilities and allocation of rights and liabilities will be suggested. In the process, due consideration will be given to both public and private interests, with the former taking precedence; while the recommended solutions will be made within the currently outdated framework for Internet intermediary protection (i.e. safe harbor laws) and exceptions (i.e. specific statutory exemptions and the general fair use defense) under the existing copyright regime. Thus, the proposed changes will be far reaching without being too radical a departure from current law, an evolution that will likely be more acceptable and realistic a solution to the problem.This paper is published in two parts. Part One of this paper will deal with the challenges to the copyright regime posed by the operations and technology behind the Google Images Search Engine, while Part Two that will be published in the subsequent edition of the CLSR will assess the benefits of the Google Books Search Project vis-à-vis the effects it will have on the scope of copyright protection. Recommendations are made to copyright law to accommodate both functions while generally preserving the main objectives of copyright protection.     

基于工作搜寻理论的大学毕业生就业问题研究

本文通过对首都经济贸易大学2009年应届大学毕业生的问卷调查,分析了高校毕业生在就业过程中的工作搜寻途径、就业信息获取评价、就业歧视等问题,最后提出促进大学生就业的对策和建议。     

Suspect graveyard burial (South Armagh,N. Ireland): Combined search,forensic anthropology and radiocarbon dating

Geophysical investigation of a former convent graveyard for conversion to a community centre identified an unrecorded, unmarked burial below a later burial. Archaeological excavation confirmed the presence of skeletonized human remains, considered by police as a possible clandestine burial. Mortuary examination indicated the remains belonged to a mature adult female. To determine whether the deceased could be a recorded missing person, radiocarbon dating was undertaken on a femur and a rib bone. This is not always straightforward, and results showed two possible ages due to intercepts on either side of the nuclear weapons testing spike in atmospheric ¹⁴C; however, the later dated burial allowed us to constrain the date of a rib to CE 1959. This study demonstrates that dating a second tissue with a longer turnaround time, such as a femur, can help to constrain which side of the bomb spike is most probable. This paper documents in one work the search, scene and sample and then advances this to resolution by anthropological analysis and radiocarbon dating of human remains.     

强镇扩权背景下县镇权力配置、运行的偏差与优化--对于浙江省N市强镇扩权案例的实证分析

强镇扩权的核心内容是通过放权赋予试点镇与县级政府相同的经济社会管理权限,但从其权力下放过程来看,县镇之间的权力配置和运作与现实需要、制度文本之间均存在着偏差。引发权力下放中县镇权力配置、运行偏差的原因不仅有放权的法律限度、更有其利益动机及其所契入的地方治理权力架构等。优化强镇扩权背景下县镇两级权力配置及其运行,是一项系统工程,应以完善的分权制度安排为主要手段,以必要的监督约束机制为补充,改善包括分权逻辑、放权原则、考核体制机制在内的整体性制度设计。     

问题与误读：论美国有效同意搜查之认定标准

同意搜查是警察通过得到相对人自愿的同意而进行的搜查。同意搜查的有效性取决于同意的有效性，自20世纪60年代起，美国认定同意搜查的有效性之标准开始从“自愿性”的主观标准向“合理性，，的客观标准转化。采用客观性标准来判断同意搜查的有效性，则又需要重点审查警方行为中强制性因素的程度及类型，从而在确保执法利益与防止警方错误行为之间达到一个适度的平衡。     

论美国联邦最高法院对美国警察搜查权的调控——以非法证据排除规则的演变为视角

二十世纪六十年代以来,非法证据排除规则被美国联邦最高法院广泛使用,成为保护人民自由权利、限制警察非法搜查的尚方宝剑。但随着恐怖主义、毒品犯罪等的增多,加强警察执法权力,适当限制人民自由,成为联邦最高法院主导性理念。非法证据排除规则也随之产生了松动。非法证据排除规则对美国警察搜查权的影响历程,反映了联邦最高法院在保持个人利益与社会利益、自由与秩序之间的平衡做出的不懈努力。     

困境与出路:论我国无证搜查制度的完善

世界主要法治发达国家和地区通过成文法或判例形式在刑事诉讼中确立了比较完善的无证搜查制度,而我国无证搜查制度的立法却十分粗略,有违正当程序的基本要求,以致司法实践中出现诸多问题。我国的无证搜查制度应当加以改革和完善,以实现打击犯罪与保障人权的契合。     

论网络隐私权保护的现实困境及决策应对

随着《侵权责任法》被列为2009年重点立法项目,网络隐私权保护的问题再次摆在了立法者的面前。有效保护公民的网络隐私权,需要法律法规、主管部门规定、伦理道德等外在因素予以支持,同时也需要网络用户和网络服务提供者等网络活动参与者的配合。针对保护网络隐私权遭遇的现实困境,我国保护措施的不足,应从侵权责任主体出发,从他律、道德内化以及自律三方面进行突破,寻求解决路径。