论个人秘密的刑法保护

侵犯通信自由罪的法益是通信自由和通信秘密。利用职务上的便利,不是私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报罪的构成要件。刑法第235条第2款是属于注意规定,不是法律拟制。侵犯通信自由罪,宜设置为亲告罪。为有效保护个人秘密,应当增设一些新罪名。     

Breaking the ‘Silence’ of the Military Regime: New Politics of Memory in Brazil

This article elucidates the latest developments in the ‘politics of memory’ regarding the military regime in Brazil. Only recently, I argue, has the Brazilian state abandoned its ‘politics of silence’ and started to actively champion the memory of the left‐wing ‘resistance’. This new strategy climaxed in a governmental crisis over a historic plan to establish a National Truth Commission to investigate human rights violations during the military regime. The article analyses key incidents and debates prior to the crisis, and contrasts the post‐dictatorial collective memory of Brazil with that of other Latin American countries.     

“在场”抑或“缺席”：农村公共服务中的乡镇政权——基于赣中地区A乡的调查与分析

本文通过A乡的案例与逻辑分析,表明乡镇政权的中心工作仍然是经济发展和社会稳定,而在基本公共服务方面基本处于＂缺席＂的状态。乡镇在农村公共服务中是否＂在场＂,则要取决于乡镇干部对自身＂职务晋升＂可能性预期的判断,不具有硬性约束。乡镇政权的＂在场＂不仅可以提高农村的基本公共服务的效能,而且有利于加强国家与农民间的联系;乡镇政权的＂缺席＂,不仅使得农村公共服务的供给水平得不到提升,阻碍政府职能的转变,而且还会加剧乡镇政权的＂悬浮＂,进而恶化基层的治理环境。上述结论还揭示了,在后税费时代,地方政府向公共服务型方向演变,需要在国家宏观政策的结构性变迁下方可展开。     

A Textual Analysis of Wang Zhao's Letters Recently Discovered in Japan

This essay is a contextual analysis of Wang Zhao's six letters which were recently discovered in Japan. The first two letters reveal that the contents might not be the obstinacy of this prominent figure of constitutional reform group but an incitement under Kang Youwei while Wang Zhao exiled himself in Japan. The two secret imperial edicts copied in these two letters are apparently different from previous records in archive file. We can thus treat it as a result of Kang Youwei's garble. Before Wang Zhao's secret return to China as a desperado, he ingratiated himself to Kang Youwei in order to solicit money by hook or crook. We can thereby sense his existential predicament. He also twice went to Kochi Prefecture prior to his secret home trip. Other than exchange views with intellectuals there, fund-raising for secret emigration from Japan to China seemed to be his main objective.     

工伤救济先行给付与代位求偿制度探微——兼评《社会保险法》工伤保险基金先行支付制度的得与失

先行给付与代位求偿是保险法上的通例,《社会保险法》第41、42条涉及该通例并规定为工伤保险基金先行支付制度。先行支付制度包括垫付性先行支付和保险性先行支付,也称为用人单位未依法缴纳工伤保险费型先行支付和由于第三人的原因造成工伤型先行支付。在社保强制性不足的背景下,该制度设计有着明显的缺陷,鉴于其积极的人本价值和宽容的制度理性,不宜弱化先行支付制度之实施,应当通过完善社保强制性、加大违法成本、强化惩戒措施来保证该制度的有效实施。     

Intangible heritage: traditional medicine and knowledge governance

Legal context: Although traditional medicine constitutes a component part ofthe identity of the cultural communities concerned, this formof intangible cultural heritage is vulnerable in a globalizingworld where little place is left for the protection of beliefsystems. Key points: While much has been written on traditional knowledge and IPrights, less scholarly attention has focused on the culturaldimension of traditional medicine. Further, no solution hasbeen reached on the best way to ensure its protection. Thiscontribution attempts to establish a linkage between differentsectors of international law, addressing the complex interplaybetween traditional medicine, intended as a special form ofintangible cultural heritage, and international knowledge governance. While the TRIPS Agreement adopts only proprietary approachesto knowledge governance, it has been questioned whether, inthe case of pharmaceuticals, other non-proprietary approacheswould be preferable. Different approaches will be put forwardand the Draft Treaty on Medical Research and Development willbe considered. This would provide a better framework for safeguardingand diffusing traditional medicine. Practical significance: Protecting and promoting traditional medicine may help curingdiseases spread all over the world. Thus, beyond its culturalaspects, the practical importance of traditional medicine liesin its capacity to promote the right to health and human dignity.     

Environmental Governance: The Role of Institutions in Causing and Confronting Environmental Problems

This article describes and explains in accessible terms major findings arising from the work of the long-term international research project on the Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDGEC). In analyzing the roles institutions play in both causing and confronting environmental problems, the project directs attention to three analytic themes – known as the problems of fit, interplay, and scale – and seeks to illuminate these concerns through empirical studies of marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. IDGEC science has highlighted the pervasiveness of institutional misfits and begun to identify the reasons why misfits often prove difficult to eliminate, even when their existence becomes widely known. Research conducted under the auspices of the project demonstrates the growing impact of national and even international institutions on the effectiveness of local resource regimes. Similarly, IDGEC research has identified reasons why policy instruments that work well at the national level (e.g., tradable permits) are frequently difficult or impossible to transfer to the international level. To make the discussion of these findings concrete, the project has explored the problem of fit with particular reference to the performance of Exclusive Economic Zones, the problem of interplay through an analysis of the fate of tropical forests, and the problem of scale through an account of the limits of emissions trading as a policy instrument in the climate change regime.     

论记者拒证特权与消息来源保密义务

很多国家的法律及新闻职业伦理规范普遍规定了记者的消息来源保密义务和司法上的消息来源拒证特权,而在我国并没有规定,基于表达自由这一国际社会公认的基本价值,对该问题立法上应予以充分重视。     

论反垄断法实施体制运作的推动力量

在各国反垄断制度体系中,存在众多推动反垄断法实施体制的运作力量。这些力量主要有法院、反垄断专门机构和私人。它们相互之间的衔接、合作、制约,决定了反垄断法实施体制运作的效率和公平性。     

分歧与和谐:析WTO争端解决机制的法律适用

关于WTO争端解决机制的法律适用问题,目前学术界存在“并入说”与“自足说”之争。两种学说分歧实质在于WTO法的属性是开放性还是自足性。从WTO争端解决机制发展而言,似应取两种学说之长,这一方面可以使DSB有效解决成员方之间的贸易争端;另一方面可以使DSB的裁决报告受到WTO成员方更广泛的接受,从而使WTO法随着时代的发展而与时俱进。