Searching for Certainty: Rugby and Male Identity in a Former Model C School

This essay investigates the significance of rugby in a former “Model C” high school in South Africa. It examines the ideological and practical connections between rugby and disciplinary practices in this school under apartheid, and it traces those connections to the present day. By doing so, it argues that rugby owes much of its contemporary importance in such schools to the fact that parents, teachers, and coaches can watch as boys respond to the sport’s combination of immediacy and violence. In an era of desegregation and changing educational regulations, rugby’s structural dependence on immediacy and violence allows the sport’s disciplinary potential to remain tantalizingly stable and definitive. Recent concerns about “the scourge of steroids” in school rugby and schoolboys “playing for professional scouts rather than for their school,” however, present new threats to rugby’s apparent stability. These concerns are not random. Rather, they are born of a specific combination of the agentive decisions of schoolboys, the intense importance that adults place on rugby, and the economic and social contradictions that sustain former “Model C” schools. As such, this essay argues that the performance of schoolboy rugby produces an unexpected result in post-apartheid era: the greater the sport’s importance in these schools, and the more parents, teachers, and administrators depend on rugby for displays of discipline and certainty, the starker and more troubling the social contradictions within these schools could become.     

Quantified Explosives Transfer on Surfaces for the Evaluation of Trace Detection Equipment

Trace explosive test surfaces are often required for the evaluation of trace detection equipment to determine the equipment performance. Test surfaces of C‐4, Detasheet, Semtex‐H, TNT, and HMTD were prepared by transferring trace amount of explosive deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) transfer strips onto different surfaces (Kraft paper, hard plastic, woven fabric, and soft vinyl). The amount of explosive transferred was deduced from the amount of explosive remaining on the PTFE strips after transfer, as quantified by direct analysis using tandem mass spectrometry with thermal desorption. From the data set of over 2000 transfers, we experienced lower transfer efficiency for Semtex‐H and Detasheet, and for soft vinyl and hard plastic. However, the rapid quantification mass spectrometric method allowed the transfer efficiency to be determined for all test surfaces used in an evaluation of trace explosive detectors, thereby permitting only the test surfaces with desired transfer to be accepted for the assessment.     

土著话语与非洲民族国家建构——以科特迪瓦危机为例

科特迪瓦危机的关键在于公民身份问题。博瓦尼执政时期刻意淡化公民身份问题以吸纳外来移民,从而使得科特迪瓦长期保持经济增长与社会稳定。然而到20世纪90年代,随着经济的衰退、多党制的实行,执政者为巩固自身统治提出了"科特迪瓦性"概念,其基本含义是"科特迪瓦人的科特迪瓦",而实际目标是排斥北方人。"科特迪瓦性"自诞生之日起就对科特迪瓦社会各领域发展产生了深远影响,因而成为科特迪瓦政治中的核心问题,并最终导致2002年内战全面爆发、南北分裂局面的形成。类似的土著话语也出现在其他非洲国家,折射出非洲民族国家建构进程的复杂性和艰巨性。     

旋毛虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因TsCystatin1的克隆及序列分析

为了研究旋毛虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的功能,应用电子克隆的方法从GenBank EST数据库获得1个旋毛虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因(TsCystatin1)的部分cDNA序列,据此设计引物,并以旋毛虫新生幼虫总RNA为模板,进行反转录及PCR,克隆到该基因的完整开放阅读框序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行了预测分析。结果表明,TsCystatin1 cDNA序列含有一个由666个核苷酸组成的开放阅读框架,编码由221个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,蛋白分子质量理论值为24.3ku,理论等电点为4.44。TsCystatin1第1～25位氨基酸残基为信号肽序列,具有半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的保守序列QVVAG,其C末端具有3处N-糖基化位点以及4个链内二硫键所需的半胱氨酸残基。该蛋白的二级结构中α螺旋占18.6%,β折叠占23.5%,其余57.9%为转角。结构域分析表明,该蛋白具有一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂样结构域,属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族2,与其他线虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的同源性较高。     

蓉黄益肾解毒颗粒治疗非透析慢性肾衰竭肾虚湿热证临床观察

目的 观察蓉黄益肾解毒颗粒对非透析慢性肾衰竭（chronic renal failure, CRF）肾虚湿热证患者的临床疗效。方法 选择64例非透析CRF肾虚湿热证患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各32例。治疗组与对照组均给予中药保留灌肠及西医基础治疗,治疗组加用蓉黄益肾解毒颗粒,每日3次,每次1袋,疗程均为8周。观察两组临床疗效及治疗前后血清肌酐（serum creatinine, SCr）、血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、胱抑素C（cystatin C, CysC）、同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine, Hcy）水平变化情况。结果 治疗组临床疗效和中医证候疗效均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗前治疗组和对照组SCr、BUN、CysC、Hcy水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组治疗后SCr、BUN、CysC、Hcy水平均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）,对照组治疗后上述指标无明显变化（P＞0.05）;治疗组治疗前后SCr、BUN、CysC、Hcy差值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 蓉黄益肾解毒颗粒能明显改善非透析CRF肾虚湿热证患者的临床症状,保护其肾功能。     

用Sep—Pak C18固相萃取柱快速提取净化氨基甲酸酯类农药

本文介绍了一种应用Sep—Pak C_(18)固相萃取柱从各类生物检材中快速提取净化9种氨基甲酸酯类农药的方法,并用大口径毛细管气相色谱进行分析。9种药物包括:速灭威、叶蝉散、灭多虫、灭除威、灭杀威、残杀威、巴沙、呋喃丹、西维因。萃取前,水基质检材用蒸馏水稀释;脏器检材加0.4N高氯酸溶液。用3ml氯仿/异丙醇(9:1)洗脱药物。水基质检材的回收率(尿、血浆、全血)在80—100％之间;脏器检材的回收率(肝、肾、脑)在66—100％之间。Sep—Pak C_(18)小柱用于尿和血浆样品时可反复使用。     

双峰驼喉蝇蛆病的流行病学调查

１９９５年４月至１９９６年１２月，对内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟３个旗１５个苏木（乡）１３个驼群的８６９峰双峰驼进行了驼喉蝇蛆病的流行病学调查。结果表明，该病的病原是双翅目、狂蝇科、狂蝇属的驼喉蝇（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｐｉｎａｔｉｔｉｌａｔｏｒ）的各期幼虫。其成蝇一般出现于６月初，７～８月为侵袭高峰，９月末消失。该蝇幼虫的感染率为９６．２０％，平均感染强度为１６．７条，最高的达３６条。幼虫主要寄生于驼骆的鼻腔、鼻甲及咽喉等部位，并引起相应部位的炎症。驼喉蝇蛆病的流行除与当地的地理环境、自然条件及宿主因素密切相关外，还与该地区的经济因素有一定的关系。     

海上保险委付研究

委付是海上保险中的一项重要制度,但各国规定有所不同。我国《海商法》中相关规定有待完善和明确。委付只适用于推定全损;委付行为是单方行为,属于要约;委付的成立必须有明确的意思表示,且不得附带条件;委付一经保险人接受,不得撤销,而不是撤回。     

Development and validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit: a male specific, single amplification 17 Y-STR multiplex system

In the past 5 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of Y-short tandem repeat loci (Y-STRs) in forensic laboratories, especially in cases where typing autosomal STRs has met with limited success. The AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit simultaneously amplifies 17 Y-STR loci including the loci in the "European minimal haplotype" (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393), the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) recommended Y-STR loci (DYS438 and DYS439), and the highly polymorphic loci DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, Y GATA H4, and DYS635 (formerly known as Y GATA C4). The Yfiler kit was validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Our results showed that full profiles are attainable with low levels of male DNA (below 125 pg) and that under optimized conditions, no detectable cross-reactive products were obtained on human female DNA, bacteria, and commonly encountered animal species. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability to detect male specific profiles in admixed male and female blood samples at a ratio of 1:1000.