台湾服务贸易竞争力及影响因素研究——兼论《海峡两岸服务贸易协议》的推进

本文以RCA指数分析了台湾服务贸易国际竞争力,发现台湾服务贸易竞争力疲弱,不仅与美欧发达国家差距很大,而且在“亚洲四小龙”内也处在下游水平;虽然台湾传统服务贸易部门竞争力有所增强,但现代服务贸易部门竞争力却在弱化.本文探讨了岛内市场需求、外部市场需求、人力资本状况、服务业发展、货物贸易发展及服务贸易开放对台湾服务贸易竞争力的影响,认为各因素对台湾服务贸易竞争力的作用各不相同.最后,本文分析了两岸服贸协议对台湾经济的作用,探讨了近期岛内出现的“太阳花学运”反服贸风暴背后的原因,认为台湾既要理性、平和地安抚反服贸民众的热燥情绪,又要加快推进服贸协议,为两岸经济合作突破深水区提供新动能.     

The nature of police involvement in mental health transfers

During the course of their duties, police regularly have contact with mentally ill persons who are experiencing psychiatric crisis and require some form of mental health transfer. This study examined 2611 unique mental health transfers completed by police in the Australian state of Victoria over an eight-month period in 2009–2010. The overwhelming majority of mental health transfers performed by police during this period were the result of unplanned calls for assistance. Although police frequently requested assistance from other services, these were often not available. The study findings support a substantial body of anecdotal evidence from police citing lengthy involvement with people experiencing mentally illness, with the average mental health transfer consuming 2.5?h of police time. The frontline responses of police to people in psychiatric crisis need to be more formally acknowledged and creative solutions need to be sought with health and welfare services to better meet the needs of those who are falling between the cracks of community mental health care services.     

各利益相关者在医院与社区双向转诊合作中的责任与机制简

针对目前双向转诊中信息不能共享、药品获得和费用报销障碍、社区人力服务水平相对较差等问题,从双向转诊中各利益相关者角度分析在双向转诊实施过程中政府、医疗机构（医院与社区卫生服务机构）、患者与家属各自应当承担的责任,提出相应的措施及改进机制。     

论我国政府购买公共服务主体制度

主体制度是政府购买公共服务的重要制度,从"二元主体"发展到"三元主体"是其基本的演进路径,但在不同国家的不同历史时期,由于受市场机制在国家治理中的影响程度不同,其范围及权利义务迥异。在我国这样市场机制发展不充分的国度,完善政府购买公共服务主体制度是迫切而又棘手的课题。基本解决之道在于紧扣国家改革推进政策,紧密结合国情,科学界定主体的范围及各主体的权利义务,在此基础上采取完善立法、事业单位改革以及公众参与等多种措施来构建有中国特色的主体制度。     

基层公务员创新何以提升“放管服”改革成效?——基于组织学视角的逻辑解释

"放管服"改革是全面深化改革的重要内容,而基层公务员是打通"放管服"改革落地"最后一公里"的关键。探索如何将基层公务员创新行为转化为卓越的"放管服"改革成效具有重要现实意义。本研究基于行为公共管理视角,探索基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革成效的积极效果,通过对158家单位、793个有效配对样本的跨层次分析,结果表明,基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度有显著的促进作用。其中,改革目标清晰度、服务群众导向会促进基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度的积极影响。     

Tackling the Big Questions in Social Impact Bond Research through Comparative Approaches

Abstract

This special issue of theJournal of Comparative Policy Analysis brings together four cross-disciplinary articles representing the first concerted attempt to combine comparative approaches to extend theoretical and empirical understandings of Social Impact Bonds (SIBs). SIBs are investment-backed payment-by-results projects and have been subject to vigorous academic debate on their appropriateness and efficacy since the first SIB launched in 2010. This introduction to the special issue outlines the state of the academic literature on SIBs, identifying gaps and suggesting five big questions that do not yet have satisfactory answers: (1) What are the administrative or political problems to which SIBs respond? (2) Where and why do SIBs emerge in particular contexts? (3) What is the role of SIBs in the evidence-based policy movement? (4) Is delivering an intervention through a SIB more effective than other means and are associated costs justifiable? (5) Do SIBs catalyse wider organizational, system, or institutional changes? This introduction then summarizes the articles included in this special issue, discusses how they respond to these big questions, and suggests that further comparative research might best address remaining gaps in the literature.     

Testing the Influence of Autocratic Leadership,Democratic Leadership,and Public Service Motivation on Citizen Ratings of An Agency Head’s Performance

Abstract

Research is lacking concerning the impact of leadership styles on citizen attitudes toward the performance of government leaders. To address this gap, an online experimental survey was conducted to determine the effect of leadership styles on respondents’ perceptions regarding a fictitious superintendent’s performance in a school district. The results demonstrate that democratic leadership practices enhanced the performance reviews of the superintendent, while autocratic leadership practices decreased them. Respondents’ level of public service motivation (PSM) was also found to have a positive effect on the superintendent’s performance ratings. Furthermore, democratic leadership style moderated the relationship between PSM and the performance ratings assigned by respondents. In particular, individuals with high PSM rated the performance of democratic leaders higher as compared to individuals with low PSM. However, autocratic leadership was not found to moderate the relationship between PSM and the superintendent’s performance. These results are thoroughly discussed in the paper.     

Terms of service and bills of rights: new mechanisms of constitutionalisation in the social media environment?

ABSTRACT

From a cursory look at the terms of service of the main social networking websites, it is immediately possible to detect that Facebook’s show a peculiar configuration. Although they represent a mere contract between private parties, these terms adopt the traditional jargon of constitutional texts and articulate their contents in terms of rights, principles and duties. This curious pairing between norms regulating social media and the constitutional sphere is also apparent in a series of non-binding documents that are unequivocally named ‘bill of rights’ and seek to articulate a set of principles to protect social media users. This paper examines whether the emergence of a constitutional tone in this limited number of texts could be related to the effective, or aspirational, constitutional function that these documents exercise. The identification of a series of significant shortcomings will lead to exclude that social media’s terms of service and bills of rights of social media users currently play a constitutionalising role. Nevertheless, the possibility to theoretically justify the use of these documents as mechanisms of constitutionalisation in the social media environment will be adduced as an evidence of the potential constitutional aspirations of these texts.     

论行政发展的政治生态优化

管理行政是在近代民主政治的框架中形成的,以民主政治为其政治生态。政治—行政二分原则的确立既使行政在工具的意义上获得了相对于政治的独立性,又使行政必须受到政治的监督和控制。在此条件下,管理行政拥有了形式公共性。然而,随着实质公共性追求的确立,作为工具性行政的管理行政受到了挑战。在社会的高度复杂性和高度不确定性的条件下,促进合作的需要和社会治理主体的多元化等要求管理行政转变为服务行政。服务行政难以在形式民主的条件下得到实现,与之相适应的应是一种合作政治的生态。     

Paid military service at the intersection of militarism,nationalism, capitalism,and (hetero)patriarchy: escaping without leaving ‘manhood’

The variety of the political standpoints of governments that have initiated exempted military service for several times in Turkey is a sign of a general agreement on its legitimacy. However, Turkey is a country where conscientious objection is almost a taboo. I try to decipher the assumptions behind what is (il)legitimate, and their manifestations in the sociopolitical life from a gender perspective informed by the feminist theory. I argue that what lies behind these is the interconnection between militarism, nationalism, patriarchy, and capitalism. I show how they reciprocally support each other through a critical discourse analysis of the debate on legitimacy of paid military service and illegitimacy of conscientious objection. I conclude that the nature of these debates leads to a reproduction of the hegemonic definitions of manhood and womanhood, together with the reproduction of the masculinization of the political sphere at the expense of the exclusion of and discrimination against other identities.