西部开发与私权立法研究

西部大开发战略已正式开始实施 ,但“西部开发”并非中国之“专利” ,很多国家都有“西部开发”史。所以 ,借鉴国外成功之经验 ,吸取国外失败之教训 ,将会使我国的“西部开发”顺利进行 ,少走弯路。通过比较中外“西部开发”之措施 ,作者发现 ,私权在“西部开发”中具有十分重要的作用。     

近代西方的民主政治论析

自由、民土、人权 ,这三个概念是历史的和具体的。其中 ,自由主要是作为哲学范畴出现的 ,民主和人权主要是作为政治范畴出现的。政权在民、民主共和与契约思想 ,是西方古代的民主思想 ;在近代西方反对封建专制主义的斗争中 ,资产阶级高举自由旗帜 ,宣扬天赋人权 ,提出了资产阶级的民主和人权思想 ,并最终建立了资本主义的民主制度 ,总的倾向是阶级调和、福利主义和参与主义 ,不对政治现象作阶级的或社会的分析 ,抹杀资本主义民主、人权与社会主义的民主、人权的本质区别。     

Adivasiness as Caste Expression and Land Rights Claim-Making in Central-Eastern India

ABSTRACT

The adivasi population represents a special case in India’s new land wars. Strong individual and community rights to agricultural and forest lands have been enacted for this group based on notions of adivasi identities as primeval, but without linking these to economic and political influence. This article interrogates the adivasi land question seen through a caste lens. It does so via case studies in two states to understand the ways in which adivasi identity can be mobilised for its instrumental value and used to demand land rights. In Andhra Pradesh, the Supreme Court’s Samatha Judgement has prevented virtually all private mining activities. In Jharkhand, however, similar legislation is seen to be trumped by the national Coal Bearing Areas Act, as well as by former and current land acquisition acts that allow industrial land claims to take precedence over identity-based ones. Available evidence indicates the challenges involved in bringing support for land rights that are premised on a supposedly unchanging adivasi identity when these rights go against dominant interests. This circumstance serves to highlight the possibilities present in caste analysis to understand the plight of adivasis, despite their usually distinct treatment in scholarly analyses.     

传统与特色 ：新时代工会组织的服务职责及实现路径研究

中国工会第十七次全国代表大会将中国工会的基本职责修改为"维护职工合法权益、竭诚服务职工群众",这是时代的要求,也是工会工作创新的重要内容。梳理分析工会服务职工群众职责的演进历程可以发现,不同时期对该问题的表述和要求存在差异。但工会组织服务职工群众是始终与维护职工合法权益紧密联系在一起的。各级工会组织在服务职工群众方面进行积极探索,形成了一些影响力较大的服务品牌。在新形势下,工会服务职工工作首先要凸显工会特色、清晰工会组织定位,转变理念,实现以职工需求为导向;其次,应将资源向基层工会倾斜,指导和帮助基层工会,夯实服务职工的组织基础;最后,应探索建立与广大职工群众之间有效的互动反馈机制。     

国际知识产权保护和我国面临的挑战

在全球化中知识产权保护不断强化、中央提出建设创新型国家的大背景下,我国的知识产权保护面临着挑战和机遇。基于对世界上主要国家、地区知识产权制度与相关国际条约及其对我国的影响之考察,对各国及国际的知识产权保护中值得借鉴之处的分析,我们应当做的是:一方面利用知识产权制度业已形成的高端保护推动国民在高新技术与文化产品领域搞创造与创作这个“流”,另一方面积极促成新的知识产权制度来保护我们目前可能处优势的传统知识及生物多样化这个“源”。这样,才更有利于加快我国向“知识经济”与和谐社会发展的进程。     

新闻舆论监督机制的构建和完善

完善新闻舆论监督机制,充分发挥新闻媒体对社会,特别是对公共权力的监督作用,是衡 量国家政治文明和社会进步的重要标志。我国需要进一步完善新闻舆论监督机制,这对促进"依 法治国,建设社会主义法治国家"目标的实现具有十分重要的现实意义。     

When Public Protection Becomes Punishment? The UK Use of Civil Measures to Contain the Sex Offender

In keeping with many countries the UK has moved the problem of sexual offending up the political agenda. On the criminal justice side sentences have been increased and supervision periods extended. On the civil side a raft of new measures have been put in place to regulate the behaviour of sex offenders in the interest of community safety and child protection; this paper examines these measures and, in particular takes the sex offender ‘register’ as a case study to show how political imperatives have been brought to bear with little reference to the research or professional views of practitioners in this area. It is contended that under these political pressures, what starts life as a preventive, regulatory measure can easily become a more punitive measure in its own right; as such it may be liable to challenge by those subject to it for failing to fulfil its primary purpose and for straying across a line between the civil and criminal aspects of intervention.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Commentary</Emphasis>: A Critical Review of Published Competency-to-Confess Measures

The development of standardized assessments for competency-to-confess evaluations has remained largely neglected for the last several decades. Groundbreaking research was conducted on Miranda waivers during the late 1970s, but researchers have failed to sustain programmatic research. This critical review focuses on four published Miranda measures (Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Rights-Recognition, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and Function of Rights in Interrogation). When evaluated by contemporary standards, the validation of these measures is very limited. Major improvements are needed for interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.     

劳动者参与治理:国有企业制度创新的基本路径

我国国有企业治理制度表现出来的劳动者权益缺损,根源于国有企业产权界定模糊,即以资本产 权逻辑排斥劳动力产权。应从“劳动努力”出发,通过劳动者参与治理来创新国有企业治理制度。     

论立案审查程序中的人权保障

刑事案件立案审查阶段公民人权的保障,无论是立法、司法的实践,还是理论研究本身,都没有予以足够的重视。公民在立案审查程序中的人身权利缺乏有效保障的情况比较严重。其深层的原因依然是打击犯罪与保障人权之间的利益冲突。缺乏严格的法律约束的法外审查,一方面实现着诉讼程序难以完成的揭露和证实犯罪的任务,另一方面又极易违背刑事诉讼法保障人权的宗旨,抵消刑事诉讼程序本身所企求实现的部分价值。为此,应当将健全刑事诉讼法制,维护公民诉讼中合法权益的努力延伸到立案前司法机关对案件的审查过程。