Death caused by a signal rocket--not an isolated case*

Fatalities related to sporting events are predominantly caused by blunt force injuries especially due to the emotional involvement of crowd, but occasionally other types of trauma are reported as well. A case of very rare trauma caused by shooting with a hand-held parachute signal rocket during a football match is presented. A 17-year-old football fan sustained fatal injuries, a combination of mechanical trauma caused by rocket penetration, as well as extensive thermal burning of the thoracic viscera. Analysis of the event was based on autopsy findings and evidence produced by medicolegal and ballistic experts. Improper use of a hand-held signal rocket, designed for marine distress signals, may cause serious injuries either mechanically, due to explosion, or as a result of thermal discharge. In the reported case, pattern of injuries is discussed, and medical finding corroborated to other available evidence. The presented case is a reminder that the forensic pathologist should be informed accordingly on the type and features of weapon suspected to produce injury, to be able to understand traumatic changes, and look for potential presence of foreign bodies at postmortem examination.     

信号肽对O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白在CHO中表达及分泌的影响

构建融合不同信号肽的O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白真核表达载体,筛选不同的分泌型信号肽以提高O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(Chinese hamster ovary cell,CHO)中的表达并使其分泌到CHO培养基中。通过PCR方法将10种不同的分泌型信号肽与串联表位基因的5′端相连,分别构建了真核表达载体并转染哺乳动物细胞CHO,采用Western-blot检测CHO培养基中重组表位蛋白累积量,研究结果表明,O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白在CHO中成功分泌表达,不同的分泌型信号肽明显改变O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白在CHO培养基中的累积SCGB1D1 isoform信号肽介导的O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白表达量最高。综上所述,合适的分泌型信号肽促进O型口蹄疫病毒重组表位蛋白在CHO中的分泌。     

脂筏标记蛋白flotillin-1的研究进展

对脂筏标记蛋白flotillin-1的基因结构、蛋白结构及其生理功能进行了综述,旨在为进一步研究flotillin-1与某些神经系统疾病(如疯牛病等)的关系提供参考。     

节目还是信号?——广播组织权客体探惑

对于广播组织权的客体问题,学界始终在"信号"与"节目"间争论不休.在《著作权法》第三次修订过程中,广播组织权的客体也经历了从一审稿中"载有节目的 信号"到二审稿及最终生效稿"广播、电视"的过程.尽管《著作权法》第三次修订已经完成,但重新审视学界关于"信号说"与"节目说"的观点,对于理解广播组织权客体仍有必要.从历史分析的角度出发探究广播组织权的设立初衷,结合学界对广播组织权客体"节目说"与"信号说"两种观点,在体系解释框架下对广播组织权制度的走向进行展望,以保证法律条款之间的融贯.     

国家地位信号释放与俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚

俄罗斯自2015年9月开始军事干预叙利亚危机。对于俄罗斯为何进行军事干预以及采取空袭的干预方式,国内外学术界尚存争议。俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚的主要目标是通过干预行动向不同的目标观众——包括叙利亚巴沙尔政权、叙反对派、"伊斯兰国"等恐怖组织和以美国为首的西方国家等——发出一系列的地位信号,以巩固和重塑俄罗斯的大国地位。针对不同的目标观众,俄罗斯使用了"炫耀性消费""分享性给予""倾向性解释"和"寻求性斗争"四种信号传导策略。就效果来看,俄罗斯的军事干预大致实现了其预期目标。通过地位信号这一视角分析俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚的目标与策略,不仅提供了一种理解国家行为的分析框架,也能为推动叙利亚问题的解决提供一定启发。     

线粒体DNA编码区的多态性

目的研究线粒体DNA(mtDNA)编码区单核苷酸多态性,建立mtDNA编码区多态性在法庭科学中应用的理论基础。方法针对mtDNA编码区nt8162-8483以及nt13070-13299两段序列设计引物,应用直接测序技术研究其多态性。结果两对引物扩增片段长分别为322bp和230bp,共检测到21种变异,24种单倍型,基因多样性为0.7511,两个无关个体的偶合概率为0.2564。结论线粒体DNA编码区多态性位点作为线粒体DNA控制区多态性位点的补充,联合应用可以提高线粒体DNA在法医学应用中的个体识别能力。     

用dHPLC技术检测线粒体DNA编码区单核苷酸多态性

目的研究线粒体DNA(m tDNA)编码区单核苷酸多态性,建立检测m tDNA编码区单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的变性高效液相色谱(dHPLC)方法。方法设计针对线粒体DNA编码区nt10287-10679及nt8507-8805引物,应用dHPLC技术检测其序列多态性。结果100例中国汉族无关个体中,m tDNA nt10287-10679检出13个SNP位点,13种单倍型,基因多样性(H)为70.79%,偶合概率(P)为29.92%;m tDNA nt8507-8805检出10个SNP位点,12种单倍型,H为70.42%,P为30.28%;两段序列联合起来共检出23个SNP位点,23种单倍型,H为84.14%,P为16.70%。结论所建立的dHPLC方法可用于快速、准确地检测m tDNA编码区序列多态性;m tDNA编码区多态性位点作为m tDNA控制区多态性位点的补充,联合应用可以提高m tDNA的个体识别能力。     

The Use of Mitochondrial DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Assist in the Resolution of Three Challenging Forensic Cases

Abstract:  Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an 11-plex assay were typed in three missing person cases involving highly degraded human remains. Unlike the traditional forensic approach to analyzing mtDNA which focuses on sequencing portions of the noncoding Control Region, this assay targets discriminatory SNPs that reside principally in the coding region. In two of the cases, the SNP typing successfully excluded one of two reference families that could not be excluded on the basis of mtDNA hypervariable region sequencing alone, and resulted in the final resolution of both decades-old cases. In a third case, SNP typing confirmed the sorting and reassociation of multiple commingled skeletal elements. The application of a specific mtDNA SNP assay in these cases demonstrates its utility in distinguishing samples when the most common Caucasian hypervariable region type is encountered in forensic casework.     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区cAMP信号转导系统的动态影响

将252只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和低、高剂量组(分别腹腔注射生理盐水10 mL/kg及小型猪复合麻醉剂5 mg/kg、7.5 mg/kg),每个剂量组又分为麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复II组等3个亚组.用放射免疫法测定不同脑区的AC活性、cAMP含量和PDE活性.结果显示,低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂基本上对cAMP信号转导系统无明显的作用,高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂不仅使大鼠大脑、小脑、海马及丘脑等脑区AC活性、cAMP含量明显升高,而且还使PDE活性显著降低,并在此四部分脑区体现出系统性、高度相关性及剂量依赖性.表明,大鼠大脑皮层、小脑、海马、丘脑等脑区的cAMP信号转导系统可能参与了小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻机理的调控,该制剂的全麻作用与激活此四部分脑区的cAMP信号转导系统相关.