生态理念的方法论意义

生态合理性是体现新的时代精神的方法论,它为人们科学地认识人类自身的价值、人类与世界、与自然的关系提供了新的思维方式和研究方式,在更加深广的视野中拓展了人类的认识能力。用生态学的理念解构现代文明社会的价值观念,按照社会生态的整体观念来构建新的经济、社会和人全面协调发展的模式,才能向着文明、均衡、协调和健康的方向发展。     

Belief in a Just World and Commitment to Long-Term Deserved Outcomes

We investigated whether people need to believe in a just world in part because such a belief helps people to work toward long-term goals and to do so in such a way that they are deserved. We assessed participants' long-term goal focus and also their commitment to deserving their outcomes (via a psychopathy scale). In a second session, participants were then exposed to a victim whose situation did or did not contradict a belief in a just world. When the victim's situation contradicted a belief in a just world, the greater the participants' tendency to focus on long-term outcomes, the more they blamed the victim for her misfortune; but this relation only occurred for participants with a strong commitment to deserving their outcomes (i.e., those low in psychopathy). The results are consistent with our argument that, given the function of the belief in a just world proposed in this article, people would have a greater need to preserve the belief (e.g., by blaming victims of injustice) the greater their investment in long-term and deserved outcomes.     

Belief in a Just World,Causal Attributions,and Adjustment to Sexual Violence

What influence do the personal belief in a just world (i.e., the perception that one usually gets what one deserves) and different kinds of causal attributions have on adjustment to sexual violence? Using a sample of N = 62 victims of sexual aggression (mean age = 21.7) it was shown that respondents were better able to adjust to their experience of sexual violence the higher their personal belief in a just world. Moreover, the more respondents attributed their victimization to situational circumstances (external attributions) and the less they attributed their victimization to their character and personality (characterological self-attributions), the less they felt distressed by past victimization. The degree to which participants attributed their victimization to their own concrete behavior (behavioral self-attribution) was not related to their adjustment. Further analyses showed that the influence of the personal belief in a just world was mediated by the three attribution styles. Additionally, the adaptiveness of external attributions was moderated by participants’ just world belief.     

我国现阶段"涉黑"职务犯罪现象分析

黑社会性质组织犯罪与职务犯罪是对社会构成严重危害的两类犯罪,"涉黑" 职务犯罪更是黑社会性质组织犯罪与腐败联姻的高级犯罪形态。本文通过文献调研结合个案 分析,从五个方面对我国现阶段的"涉黑"职务犯罪现象进行了剖析:犯罪主体特征、犯罪性质 及触犯罪名、黑社会性质组织与"涉黑"职务犯罪人的关系、黑社会性质组织勾结国家工作人员 的行为方式以及黑金政治。     

对我国实施国民待遇原则的几点思考

世界贸易组织的基本原则是国民待遇原则。这就要求我国必须对现有的非国民待遇状况进行一定的调整,以适应和遵循世界贸易组织的基本规则,进一步扩大对外贸易和利用外资。     

Justice and emotional reactions to the disadvantaged

Various attitutidinal, cognitive, emotional, and actional reactions to problems and needs of less fortunate people (unemployed, poor people in the developing countries, foreign workers in West Germany) were assessed in a questionnaire study with 865 respondents. The external validity of self-report data was established by external ratings. The focus was on emotional reactions (existential guilt, sympathy, moral outrage because of unjust disadvantages, anger about the disadvantaged, contentment with one's own advantages, fear of losing these, hopelessness with respect to the fate of the less fortunate). Several justice-related variables (beliefs, views, appraisals) as well as responsibility-related variables and social attitudes were assessed as predictors of emotions. The importance of justice-related variables for the arousal of different social emotions was clearly shown. The use and usefulness of cognitive models of discrete emotions is discussed. The impact of emotions on the readiness to various forms of prosocial activities in favor of the less fortunate was also shown: Moral outrage and existential guilt proved to be much more salient predictors than sympathy. Crucial differences between these three prosocial emotions as well as the impact of justice-related variables on readiness to prosocial activities are discussed.     

宽严相济的刑事司法政策是促进社会和谐的必然选择

“宽严相济”的刑事司法政策具有丰富的内涵,是对古代宽猛相济法律思想的借鉴和对当代惩办与宽大相结合政策的继承与发展,这一政策具有极其重要的社会现实意义。应从立法与司法操作两个层面上贯彻这一刑事司法政策,进行相应的政策调整和采取相应的法律措施。     

科学发展观集中体现了马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论

胡锦涛总书记在十七大报告中,对科学发展观的科学内涵、精神实质和根本要求作了全面的阐述,特别是关于科学发展观“是对马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现”的论断,为我们指出了科学发展观之所以成为我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针和发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想的理论依据。     

The Consequences of Victim Physical Attractiveness on Reactions to Injustice: The Role of Observers’ Belief in a Just World

Two studies explored Dion and Dion’s (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 775–780, 1987) suggestion that the belief in a just world may contribute to the “beauty is good” stereotype. In Study 1, we found that participants rated the death of a woman as more tragic and unfair when she was physically attractive than less attractive. Participants were also more punitive towards agents of harm when the victim was physically attractive. In Study 2, we varied the extent to which a woman suffered from a house fire and asked participants to later recognize the woman’s picture among several choices varying in physical attractiveness. Participants who learned that the woman suffered a great deal remembered her to be less physically attractive than when her suffering was minimal. The results are discussed in terms of how the justice motive contributes to the evaluative and moral importance attached to physical attractiveness.

论侗歌的精神文明内涵

侗歌是当代走向世界的传统民间音乐 ,这种传统文化焕发异彩 ,与现代文化并存的辉煌局面 ,并不仅仅在于它独特的艺术形式 ,侗歌丰富的精神文明内涵对侗族人民的滋养 ,才是这种文化代代相传的根本原因。