在我国设立沉默权制度的必要性与可行性研究

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人能否真正享有辩护权的基础所在。承认并有效保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的沉默权是保障人权、保障被追诉人的程序权利,实现诉讼中的力量均衡的重要表现。不论是沉默权的历史,还是我国的刑事司法实践现状,都表明沉默权制度在我国刑事司法中的适用已是势在必行,其终极目的是完善我国司法改革和实现司法公正。     

拷讯论略

拷讯 (即刑讯逼供 )制度是中国古代司法制度中最具特色的部分。本文介绍了历代法律对拷讯制度的规定 ,分析了拷讯制度的特点及成因 ,在此基础上探讨古代拷讯对现代司法体制的影响并提出了从立法上消除刑讯逼供的建议。     

略论沉默权与刑事诉讼法的多元价值目标

沉默权规则是一条刑事诉讼的国际准则 ,但我国现在确立沉默权规则 ,不利于实现刑事诉讼法的多元价值目标。当务之急是完善与“如实供述”相关的配套制度。     

Silent citizens: reflections on community,habit, and the silent majority in political life

This article identifies two different senses in which the concept of ‘community’ can be seen to underpin the norm of vocal participation in democratic politics. The first is a broadly liberal view of community – traceable to Alexis de Tocqueville – that promotes active, vocal, and autonomous citizens and acts as a buffer between the state and the individual. A second broadly conservative view of community in the writings, for example, of Edmund Burke and T.S. Eliot treats community as organic, passive, and largely silent. It valorizes habit and habitual relationships as supporting political life through obedience to the law and respect for authority. While these two traditions stand apart, what is striking about both views of community is the one point about which both agree: citizens' sense of community is in decline within liberal democracies today. Thus silence and silent majorities are problematic to both traditions, albeit for different reasons.     

Legal grounds to process personal data under Spanish legislation after the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 (the ASNEF and FECEMD case)

Spanish law on personal data protection regulates (among other issues) the legal bases that permit the processing of data in a way that is similar to that set out in Directive 95/46/EC. Consent constitutes the general rule although data may be processed without it if necessary for administration functions, within the framework of a contractual relationship, in order to safeguard the vital interests of the data subject or if they are included in sources accessible to the public. However, unlike the Directive, legitimate interest is not recognised as an independent reason for processing data, whereas a legal ground that is not set out in community law is included, i.e., sources accessible to the public. This paper analyses these two cases, taking as its starting point consent, along with the consequences that the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 regarding the interpretation of Article 7 of Directive 95/46/EC may have and giving attention to the revision of this Directive itself.     

如实回答与沉默权的功能主义分析与文化解释

如实回答与沉默权作为一项具体的法律制度属于＂人造之物＂,具有特定的功能。从功能主义出发,梳理如实回答与沉默权在各自不同诉讼结构中的功能性作用,说明其影响诉讼结构之机理。如实回答与沉默权亦是＂文化之物＂。通过文化解释,剖析如实回答与沉默权所蕴含的价值判断,回答了决定二者废与立的决定性原因。功能主义分析与文化解释的相互补充性的阐释,解决＂如何做＂的问题。     

刑事诉讼正当程序研究

我国1996年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》虽然对刑事诉讼制度作了重大改革,增强了刑事诉讼的人权保障功能,但在刑事正当程序方面依然存在大量的问题及不足。应借鉴英美法系的立法规定,增添"不受双重危险原则";承认"沉默权",注重"庭审中的正当程序"。     

对我国设立沉默权制度的反思

美国联邦最高法院对米兰达诉亚利桑那州一案的判决,使沉默权制度在美国得以最终确立,几十年来,沉默权在越来越多的国家效仿确立,沉默权已经是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人能否真正享有辩护权的基础所在。本文在分析沉默权的含义及其现状的基础上,分析论证了我国设立沉默权制度的必要性与可行性,以使沉默权在我国司法中能回归其本位。     

建立具有中国特色的沉默权制度座谈会综述

沉默是一项基本人权 ,沉默权是法定的诉讼权利。在我国建立沉默权制度不应否定“坦白从宽、抗拒从严”的政策 ,而应当允许沉默 ,鼓励坦白。必须充分考虑中国的国情 ,建立严密的配套措施 ,对沉默权予以必要的限制。     

刑讯逼供的法律规制

刑讯逼供是我国司法实践中一种屡禁不止的现象,它有历史、政治、立法、客观等方面的原因,本文提出了完善立法、提高干警素质、改进技术设备、严格执法力度等解决办法。