“人”在当代中国社会发展中的、地位和意义——中国哲学界关于“以人为本”的研究

人类历史进入到二十一世纪,有关“人”的问题日益成为当代中国社会发展的一个核心问题“。人”在当代社会发展中的地位和意义集中体现在“以人为本”的科学发展观上“。以人为本”既体现了当代中国社会发展对人的高度重视,也为中国化马克思主义哲学提出了一个当代性课题。     

认识社会公正的几个视角

社会公正是社会主义的核心价值取向,是现代社会的基本价值理念和基本规则。社会公正既是现代社会基本制度安排和设计的主要依据,也是社会各个群体之间赖以进行良性互动的基本规则。只有基于社会公正,社会方能实现安全运行和健康发展。转型期的中国社会需要社会公正理论。     

Social Utility in Ultimatum Bargaining

In this article we will provide an overview of factors that influence the weight that self-interest and equity related motives receive in ultimatum bargaining. These factors are grouped into three main categories: factors relating to the context of the game, factors relating to the parties involved, and factors related to characteristics of the game. Results of the studies are discussed in relation to the concept of social utility. The authors point out possible omissions in the literature—especially the lack of interest for the behavior of recipients—and recommend directions for future research.     

The Interplay Between Greed,Efficiency, and Fairness in Public-Goods Dilemmas

The Greed–Efficiency–Fairness hypothesis (H. A. M. Wilke, In European Review of Social Psychology, Wiley, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 165–187, 1991) states that people in resource dilemmas are greedy and wish to defect, but that greed is constrained by preferences for efficient resource use and fair distributions. This paper reviews research where the GEF hypothesis was generalized to public-goods dilemmas. Results from both surveys and experiments on people's willingness to contribute to resources for social services were interpreted in light of the GEF hypothesis. Whereas earlier research on social dilemmas and fairness considerations have focused on the correlation between estimated fair and actual cooperation rates, the present results provide an extension where cooperation rates are influenced by perceived fairness of how a resource is distributed. Two experiments contribute further insights into the interplay, in terms of effects on cooperation, between greed, efficiency, and fairness. The collective consequences of individual choices were either highlighted or not (Experiment 1) and the outcome structure in prior social dilemma tasks was either collectively or individually framed (Experiment 2). These manipulations influenced (a) cooperation rates and (b) the extent to which decisions were based on greed, efficiency, or fairness.     

Looking for Sustainability: Environmental Coalitions across the State-Society Divide

This paper compares environmental policymaking in two Brazilian cities, Rio de Janeiro and Cubatão. It examines the formation of state-society synergistic interactions in the public policymaking process and their effect on long term sustainability of social mobilization. It concludes that whereas social capital can be constructed in the context of policymaking, it is critically dependent on a concerted effort from both state and society actors to build trust in their daily interactions. The Cubatão and Carioca River cases show that state-society synergy had little effect on the ability of the policy coalitions formed for pollution clean up to sustain themselves over time. Instead, there are indications that rather than a constraint, the flexible and informal nature of such coalitions may have been a critical factor in their ability to carry out policy successfully.     

弱势群体与我国改革发展中的治安稳定

经济体制改革和政治体制改革将我国带入了一个复杂的社会转型期,在这个时期,一个特殊的群体———社会性弱势群体正逐渐产生、显现,并且规模渐大。对社会治安稳定也产生了不小影响。     

Philosophy and the resolution of equality conflicts

This article examines Rowan’s discussion of my earlier paper (Messick, 1995). His warnings about the naturalistic fallacy and self-interest are well taken, but they constitute less serious threats to the usefulness of my suggestions than he indicates.     

试论农民工社会保障权的法律保护

农民工是指具有农村户口在城镇务工的劳动者,它具有农民与工人的双重身份。农民工为城镇的发展和建设作出了重大贡献。由于农民工与城镇居民身份的差别,带来了许多问题。这些问题集中起来主要是农民工社会保障权等问题。农民工社会保障权保护差强人意,不仅有观念上的原因,也有体制和法律上的原因。解决农民工社会保障权保护问题,必须从制度创新入手,加强农民工社会保障法律制度建设,建立健全农民工社会保障法律机制,把农民工社会保障落实到法治层面上。     

当代大学生公众形象调查报告

中国青年政治学院青年发展研究院“大学生公众形象调查”结果显示:对贫困大学生现象,社会公众明显认知不足。相反,富足的适度消费与略显奢侈的高消费成为社会公众认知的主流。绝大多数调查对象认为大学生目前的主要心理问题是“精神萎靡不振,”原因是“就业压力过大”。对于大学生学习态度持积极评价的比例和持消极评价的比例基本持平。大学生在公共场合“情侣之间的动作过于亲密”被视为最普遍、最典型的有悖于公共道德或社会伦理规范的行为。     

大学生就业心理的特点与自我调适

大学生在就业过程中容易出现各种心理问题,主要有过高期望心理、焦虑和依赖心理及自卑心理。这些问题的解决应主要依靠大学生自己。“调整心态,完善人格”、“提高心理承受力”、“规划职业生涯,发展业务能力”、“调整就业期望值”等措施是帮助大学生进行就业心理问题自我调适的有效方法。