Mass grave localization prediction with geographical information systems in Guatemala and future impacts

Conducting physical searches for mass grave locations based on anecdotal evidence is a time-consuming and resource-intensive endeavor in circumstances that often pose a threat to personal safety. The development of tools and procedures to speed such searches can greatly reduce the risk involved, increase the number of individuals whose remains are recovered and identified, and more importantly, reunite these remains with their loved ones to provide them with a proper burial. Geographic information systems (GIS) software, which can analyze and manipulate the spatial characteristics of known mass grave data, represents a powerful tool that can be used to predict new mass grave locations and increase the speed and efficiency with which they are investigated. Using the open source QGIS project, existing mass grave locations in Guatemala were analyzed based on their distance from and change in elevation relative to roads, streets, waterways, points of interest, and possible villages/towns. Statistical and geostatistical analyses performed to detect relationships among the variables resulted in patterns that warrant further study and can be used to further narrow areas of investigation.     

论民俗习惯在法律渊源中的地位

习惯／民俗习惯在社会生活中普遍存在，但一直遭到法学界的忽视和误解，并受到制定法的轻视。本文立足于“中国问题”．论述习惯／民俗习惯在法律制度中的理论价值和实践价值，并试图为习惯／民俗习惯正名。通过对比分析主要国家（包括我国）的习惯／民俗习惯法律渊源中的现实地位，建构性地提出我国对习惯／民俗习惯的法源地位进行重构的可能路径之一；在民法典制定的过程中，有必要认真对待民俗习惯，化解法官选择适用民俗习惯时在法律效果与社会效果之间所遭遇的两难困境。     

试论国际法的渊源

国际法渊源是国际法学的一个基本概念,然而在现实中的使用却极其混乱。因而有必要对法的渊源的含义进行考察,以重新界定国际法渊源的内涵和外延,区分国际法渊源与国际法表现形式这对经常被混淆的概念。     

赛珍珠文化相对主义思想溯源

美国作家赛珍珠一生所从事的跨文化创作、学术研究和社会活动,均为其文化相对主义思想的体现.这一思想的形成首先来源于她的跨国界的生活,在几个不同世界的生活使其发现文化差异是普遍存在的现实,文化差异不是文化低劣的表现,相反,它赋予人类文化以多样性;其次来源于她的跨文化阅读,特别是对中国文化的研究性阅读,使得赛珍珠认识到文化差异存在的历史合理性,东西方文化因此应该遵循"和而不同"的原则,并在此基础上由沟通交流达到融合.     

论法律渊源--以法学方法和法律方法为视角

从法律方法的角度看法律适用是一个关于“法律是什么”的认识理性 ,而法律适用中法律渊源内部冲突的解决是一个“如何实现法律”的技艺理性。从两者的关系上看 ,认识“法律是什么”是“如何实现法律”的起点 ,“法律是什么”也仰赖于“法律如何实现”     

周予同主编《中国历史文选》校注商略

周予同先生主编的《中国历史选》在各高校历史系中已使用多年，但在校注方面还存在诸多问题，如古今地名对照多有差错，标点亦有误点，少量字还存在讹误，许多清代人物的资料出处亦与事实不符，本对书中的有关问题予以考证。     

关于我国公安监督工作的几点思考

文章以“二十公”会议精神对公安机关监督工作提出的要求为出发点,回顾了建国以来我国公安机关监督工作的发展历史,分析了当前公安机关监督工作存在的问题及难点,提出了对新时期公安机关监督工作的几点构想。     

控制洗钱犯罪若干对策研究

洗钱行为具有隐蔽性、复杂性和专业性,加上洗钱行为与上游犯罪的紧密联系特征等原因使洗钱犯罪的侦查工作具有一定的困难。我们应寻求反洗钱的法律法规的进一步完善,促进反洗钱工作的顺利开展。     

The Effects of Environmental Exposure on the Optical,Physical, and Chemical Properties of Manufactured Fibers of Natural Origin

Manufactured fibers derived from natural origins include viscose rayon, azlon, and polylactic acid (PLA). A 2‐year study was conducted to document any changes these fibers undergo as a result of exposure to various environmental conditions. Fabric swatches representing each fiber type were exposed to freshwater, saltwater, heat, cold, ultraviolet light, or composter conditions. Fibers from the swatches were periodically analyzed using polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Fiber solubility and melting‐point behavior were measured every 6 months. Except for the complete degradation of viscose rayon in the composter, saltwater, and freshwater environs, no changes in the optical properties, infrared spectra, solubility, or melting points of the remaining fibers in any of the environments were observed. However, microscopic morphological changes were observed in fibers from two azlon swatches submerged in freshwater and saltwater, two PLA swatches exposed to ultraviolet light, and two viscose rayon swatches exposed to ultraviolet light.     

动车玻璃破碎痕迹分析

动车运行过程中发生车窗玻璃破碎的情况具有突然性,对铁路运输安全有一定影响,并极易受到公众高度关注。动车玻璃破碎有的是人为因素引起,有的是非人为因素引起,判明玻璃破碎的原因,确定案事件性质,是采取有效措施,消除安全隐患的前提。笔者结合海南环岛高铁2010年以来发生的89起动车玻璃破碎案事件现场勘查实践以及广深线48起动车玻璃破碎案事件资料,对玻璃自爆、飞砟、弹弓弹射钢珠、抛石击打造成玻璃破碎的形成机制和痕迹特征进行了分析总结;针对抛石击打与飞砟形成玻璃破碎痕迹的区分难点,对两者因击打角度和方式不同、击打物的体积和质量的不同而形成痕迹的差异进行了深入探讨。