金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖偶联抗原的制备及免疫原性分析

为建立金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖(CP5)纯化与偶联技术方法,获得具有免疫原性的CP5偶联抗原,采用高压破碎菌体的方法释放荚膜多糖,酶处理去除核酸和蛋白质,通过离子交换层析进一步纯化,得到纯化的CP5,并对其纯度和反应原性进行检测;采用己二酸二酰肼(ADH)间桥法制备CP5-牛血清白蛋白(CP5-BSA)偶联抗原,加佐剂免疫小鼠,进行抗体水平测定。结果表明,纯化的CP5纯度为675.1g/kg,经用免疫琼脂双扩散试验检测,纯化多糖仅与同型菌株抗血清发生沉淀反应,偶联抗原CP5-BSA可以刺激小鼠产生CP5免疫应答。此研究结果为奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了试验依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型XJ-SW株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

应用PCR方法对采集自新疆沙湾地区某猪场的疑似仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病料猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因组进行了扩增,确定了2份病料中的PCV2的分子特征,命名为XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2(Gen-Bank登录号:JN639856,JN639857)。经对阳性样品进行克隆、测定,并应用软件进行全基因组核苷酸序列比对分析。结果显示,2株病毒的基因组全长均为1 768nt;XJ-SW1株与我国山东DE株(GenBank登录号:HM142897)的同源性最高(为97.91%);XJ-SW2株与韩国G2284株(GenBank登录号:JF317587)的同源性最高(为97.51%)。PCV2全基因组序列的进化分析表明,2株病毒为PCV2e基因亚型;对2株病毒与5个不同基因亚型的15株病毒的ORF2氨基酸序列进行比较,结果显示,XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2在ORF2的氨基端与PCV2d同源性较高,在羧基端与PCV2e同源性较高。表明,在新疆沙湾猪场流行的PCV2毒株为PCV2e,该毒株的ORF2存在一定变异。     

伪满洲国“地方自治”的虚伪性——以特别市与市制为中心的考察

为了标榜殖民统治的正当性,日本侵略者刻意鼓吹在伪满洲国实行所谓的"地方自治"。在实行的特别市和市制中,设置了"自治委员会"和"咨议会"等议决和咨询机关,为其蒙上了一层"进步"的色彩。然而当我们深入对其进行考察后发现,伪满洲国所设计的"地方自治"充满了虚伪性,它无法掩盖日本侵略者对伪满洲国统治的侵略本质。     

公民健康权利与义务立法研究——兼评《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法(草案)》第2章

综观世界各国的立法实践,公民健康权利与义务大致呈现出单独式、专章或专节式、分散式三种立法模式。在立法内容上各国更为侧重确立和保护公民健康权利,对公民健康义务的规定则相对粗疏简略,除医疗服务获得权、知情同意权、隐私权与尊重医务人员及他人的义务、支付医疗费用的义务等部分权利、义务类型没有较大争议之外,各国均保有较大的差异性。我国应当系统整理现有医疗卫生立法及其他相关法律文件,将公民健康权利与义务协调规定在未来的民法典和"基本医疗卫生与健康促进法"之中,同时借鉴国外的先进经验,增设投诉权、病历查阅权和复制权以及爱惜健康、支付医疗费用、遵守医疗机构规章制度等权利与义务,并对儿童等特殊群体提供特别保护。     

特殊动产物权变动的公示方法

关于船舶、航空器和机动车等特殊动产的物权变动,可以采取登记或者交付的公示方法。此类特殊动产的物权变动采登记对抗主义,并非意味着交付的效力优先于登记。相反,交付后如未经登记,不得对抗善意的登记权利人。在特殊动产的物权变动中,尤其是在特殊动产一物数卖的情况下,登记应当优先于交付。     

Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

公立高校与教师的法律关系——以特别权力关系为视角

特别权力关系是行政法的一个重要理论,对此我国理论界已有广泛、深入的研究,但公立高校与教师之间法律关系的性质如何确定在理论上还存在一定的分歧,有观点认为二者是民事合同关系。本文试图从特别权力关系的角度来审视我国公立高校与教师之间的法律关系。     

How reliable are eyewitness memories? Effects of retention interval,violence of act,and gender stereotypes on observers' judgments of their own memory regarding witnessed act and perpetrator

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of (i) stimulus person's gender, (ii) type of act (neutral or violent), and (iii) retention interval (short or long) on observers' memory of a stimulus person. Participants were presented with one of two acts: neutral (walking around in a store) or violent (robbing a store). The retention interval was 10 minutes or one–three weeks. The dependent variables were questionnaire items concerning the participants' memory of (1) the stimulus person's appearance and (2) the event, and (3) rating scales where the participants were asked to evaluate the stimulus person's aggressiveness, insensitivity, and other personality traits as well as characteristics of the act. Results showed that when the act was violent, and a long retention interval was used, a female, but not a male, stimulus person was evaluated less harshly than with a short retention interval (enhancement of gender stereotype); a stimulus person was seen as behaving in a more masculine way when performing a violent rather than a neutral act; witnessing the violent act resulted in better self-rated memory of the stimulus person; and with increasing retention interval, the violent act was seen as less negative and the neutral act as more negative (regression toward the mean).     

行政行为分类的逻辑考量

行政行为分类是行政法学研究的重要内容,但对其研究却是极其薄弱。受法学研究路径的束缚,目前行政行为分类的现状极为混乱,所表现出来的症结为前提模糊、方式混乱、立场局限。从逻辑学的角度,以分类标准、分类规则、分类类型为参数对行政行为的分类现状进行梳理和探讨,有利于促进对行政行为研究的深化和扩展。行政行为的分类应当面向司法实践,使得理论研究与实践应用相统一。     

Dynamic Attenuation: Terrorism,Transnational Crime and the Role of the US Army Special Forces

This article analyses the ability of the US Army Special Forces to combat illicit networks (criminal and terrorist) through ‘dynamic attenuation’. It is argued that a process of dynamic attenuation, where network ties and not the actors in the network are targeted, should replace the current US strategy of ‘killing or capturing’ criminal agents threatening US interests. By dynamically attenuating (not destroying) the ties between and among criminal actors and criminal organisations, the US can effectively reduce the capability of criminal organisations to operate and achieve their missions (profit and/or terror). This argument is substantiated by assessing the environments where criminal networks thrive, the characteristics of criminal networks, the utility of targeting networks instead of individual actors, and through a comparison of criminal organisations' and US Army Special Forces' strengths and weaknesses. This article concludes with implications and recommendations for US policy in the fight against criminal organisations.