网络视阈下的政治文化传播

在网络技术应用于政治文化传播领域后,其对国家的政治控制机制有瓦解作用,从而引起政治文化传播的困难,而且使人们拥有了更多的思想和言论自由,还在很大程度上成为西方发达国家进行意识形态渗透的工具。网络视阈下,政治文化传播呈现出民主化、社会化、高效化与国际化等趋势。     

俄罗斯电信产业现状及走势

俄罗斯电信产业近年来发展迅速，突出表现在移动通信、卫星通信、宽带服务等方面，但同时也出现了增长速度放缓、产业标准不统一、对外开放度下降等问题，尽管如此，俄罗斯志在建设欧亚数字枢纽的雄心未变。     

针式打印文件检验的探讨

针式打印机是一种常用的办公机具,从针式打印机的结构和打印原理出发,阐述了针式打印文件种类鉴别和个体识别所依据的打印特征,为针式打印文件的检验鉴定进行操作层面的探讨。     

Political socialization,political gender gaps and the intergenerational transmission of left-right ideology

While left and right are the main terms to distinguish political views in Western Europe, the family socialization of citizens has mainly been studied in terms of partisan preferences rather than identification with these ideological blocks. Therefore, this study investigates the intergenerational transmission of left-right ideological positions in two European multiparty systems. To investigate expectations regarding gendered patterns in political socialization, ideological transmission between mothers, fathers, daughters and sons are analyzed, making use of German and Swiss household data. The results underline the relevance of the family in the transmission of political ideology in multiparty systems, showing high contemporary parent–child concordance in ideological positioning in line with classic work in political socialization. Moreover, the study demonstrates how the gender-generation gap in political ideology is consequential for this process. Young women consistently place themselves on the left of men across all combinations of parental ideology, which indicates that the gender-generation gap trumps other gendered patterns in intergenerational transmission. Consequently, daughters are less likely than sons to take over their parents’ rightist positions, while parent–son transmission is equally large on the left and the right. This also means that left-leaning parents have a general advantage over right-leaning parents in having their ideological identification reproduced by their daughters. The study highlights the importance of differentiating between the transmission of left- and right-wing ideology in political socialization processes. Moreover, it demonstrates that the distinction by offspring gender is imperative when studying the intergenerational transmission of traits that display gender differences within and between parental and offspring generations. The findings point at the active role of especially female offspring in the political socialization process, as they seem to be more strongly impacted by influences outside the family that sustain generational processes of further gender realignment.     

析云南艾滋病流行态势与防治

云南是中国境内较早发现艾滋病的地区之一,近年来艾滋病的流行速度加快。原因:1防治工作认识不足;2采供血传播艾滋病毒的途径尚未完全阻断;3宣传教育力度不够等。对策:1提高认识;2大力开展宣传教育工作;3加快相关立法进程;4健全机构,加强队伍建设;5加强科研,积极开展国际合作     

Criminal history and social disadvantage as predictors of the severity of violent offending

ABSTRACT

Lethal violence is often seen as the tip of the iceberg and homicide perpetrators are seen as manifesting the most extreme number of various risk factors. This article explores whether that is the case. Using a unique data set combining data from several administrative registers with a nationally representative sample of different types of police-reported violence committed during 2010–2011 (N = 26,303 offenders) in Finland, we compare the offenders of five different types of violence (minor assault, assault, aggravated assault, attempted homicide, and completed homicide). In addition, we examine the association between the severity of violence and prior criminal history and different types of strain. The results give partial support to the hypothesis: the more serious the violence, the more crime prone and socially disadvantaged the offender. Yet, lethal offenders do not stand out alone; the division, rather, appears to be between offenders of serious (aggravated assault, attempted homicide, completed homicide) and less serious (minor assault, assault) forms of violence.     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节及其结肠段离体标本的反射活动

By using the preparation of inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) associated with distal colon of guinea-pig, the relationship between synaptic transmission in ganglion cell and movement of longitudinal and circular muscles of colon was investigated. It was found that when the preload tention of both muscles was set 0, the spontaneous synaptic potentials were recorded in IMG cells. Cutting colonic nerve irreversibly eliminated the potentials. Radialy distending the colon induced a slow depolarization lasting for about 70-190s in IMG neurones, This slow potential was resistant to d-TC and atropine. In addition, the summation of the slow potential induced by distending colon and ls-EPSP evoked by stimulating hypogastric nerve could, be observed. A train stimulation of pre-ganglionic nerve caused the relaxation of the longitudinal muscle, but irregulation in the motion of the circular muscle. The results suggest that cholinergic and non-cholinergic activities were included in the colon-IMG-colon reflex in which they control the movements of the intestines coofdinately.     

南侗"嘎老"传承的当代变迁及其文化意义

本文讨论的是一种南侗民间的重要歌种--嘎老--在当代语境中呈现出的传承变迁现象.文章以"乡间"、"学校"及"舞台"这三种场域来概括当代嘎老传承的主要方式,并试图解释民间歌唱传承方式变迁中所蕴涵的音乐与文化意义.     

Violence, Separation, and Loss in the Families of Origin of Domestically Violent Men

The intergenerational transmission of domestic violence is most commonly studied from the perspective of social learning theory, with the consequence that variables external to that perspective are often overlooked. This study was undertaken in an effort to broaden the theoretical basis of intergenerational transmission of domestic violence by assessing if incorporating variables from attachment theory (measures of separation and loss) with exposure to violence in family of origin would increase predictive power of a multiple regression model. Subjects (N = 74) were men in treatment for domestic violence. Separation and loss variables were found to exert effects on respondents’ violent behavior greater than or comparable to those from exposure to family of origin violence. Findings supported a need to broaden theoretical views of the etiology of domestic violence perpetration.     

Factors Mediating the Link Between Witnessing Interparental Violence and Dating Violence

The present study examined several protective and vulnerability factors in a subsample of adolescents who witnessed high levels of interparental violence to determine what factors differentiated adolescents who inflicted (and received) violence in their dating relationship and those who had violence-free dating relationships. Findings revealed that males who witnessed high levels of interparental violence, who inflicted violence in their dating relationships, were differentiated from those who had violence-free relationships by the following variables: low socioeconomic status, exposure to community and school violence, acceptance of violence in dating relationships, and low self-esteem. Low socioeconomic status and acceptance of violence in dating relationships differentiated males who experienced dating violence and those who had not. With regard to females, exposure to community and school violence, poor school performance, and experiencing child abuse differentiated those who inflicted dating violence from those who had not, while poor school performance and experiencing child abuse differentiated females who experienced dating violence and those who had not. Implications of the findings are discussed.