试论电视媒介与民间文化的相融与共生

民间文化在急剧变化的传媒时代里显得举步维艰，受到新媒介带来的大众文化冲击。但新媒介也可以促进民间文化发展。电视传播可以开拓民间文化影响、扩大受众、改变认知方式使民间文化长存。福建电视台《走南闯北》栏目，通过对民间文化的表演性转变、角色转变、时空转变等多种艺术充分利用电视传播特性，创造性宣传民间文化；同时，注意到利用电视传播优势，突破地域限制与传统限制，以更多元更丰富的形式表现民间文化，探索出一条传播民间文化的道路。     

集中式警用移动数据中心的实现

利用基于AT指令的DTU，通过GPRS无线通信网络开发了集中式警用移动数据通信系统。在VB6．0下利用Mscomm控件设计了智能通信中心管理软件，可实现智能拨号、对来电号码的追踪、对来电历史记录的查询、对备案数据库以外的来电屏蔽、智能联网、对特密专线拨号以及对特密专线的限权修改等功能。     

图像传播语境下的媒体受众观与受众读图心理研究

现代媒体已经进入了图像传播时代,科学地认识受众、研究受众因而显得十分必要.新闻媒体的图像传播受众观,经历了从魔弹论、有限效果论再到使用与满足理论的沿革.现代受众的读图心理,可以分为求新、眼见为实、多元化、追求审美、负效应及易受媒介影响六种,图像传播主体要针对受众的诸种心理,采取相应的传播方法.同时也要注意加强对受众的引导,从而使媒体在图像传播这一宏观语境下更好地改进图像传播及新闻摄影报道.     

TARGETED ENFORCEMENT AND ADVERSE SYSTEM SIDE EFFECTS: THE GENERATION OF FUGITIVES IN PHILADELPHIA*

Research on targeted enforcement in high‐crime places has focused on direct crime‐reduction impacts, possible displacement of crime, and more recently, diffusion of benefits to adjacent areas. Studies have ignored other unanticipated negative effects that a place‐oriented enforcement intervention may have on the justice system overall. Using the generation of fugitive defendants as one possible example of an important system side effect, this study proposes hypotheses relating to adverse, generalized, system side effects of a place‐ and crime‐focused intervention, and it tests for target area and targeted crime‐type effects, nontarget area and nontargeted crime‐type effects, and overall system effects. The analysis employs a multiple interrupted time‐series design [auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)] to test the impact of one widely publicized, geographically targeted drug‐enforcement strategy in Philadelphia (Operation Sunrise, formally launched in June 1998) on the incidence of bench warrants as a measure of fugitives (weekly aggregate bench warrants series for the period January 1994–May 2005; N= 590 observations). The findings appear to support all hypotheses as they relate to the example of the generation of fugitives, and suggest a generalized system adverse side effect from the circumscribed place‐ and crime‐focused intervention. The implications of the findings for both research and policy relating to targeted enforcement interventions are discussed.     

犯罪预防与健康人格的早期培养

法律威慑、刑事惩罚、教育宣传等已有犯罪防控思路,有效但存在局限性.文章分析了危险人格和危险心结犯罪者的消极人格特质及其形成背景和生活经历,针对性地提出健康人格的早期培养是预防犯罪的关键所在.     

La transmission intergénérationnelle de l’orientation idéologique en Suisse dans les familles à plusieurs générations

Ce texte est consacré à la transmission à court terme de l’orientation idéologique gauche‐ droite entre parents et enfants; il utilise les données du Panel suisse de ménages ( www.swisspanel.ch ), qui permet de mener des analyses dans les ménages à plusieurs générations. Les résultats confirment qu’il existe bien une transmission de l’orientation idéologique gauche‐droite entre parents et enfants, qui se fait différemment selon le sexe des parents et des enfants. A court terme, cette transmission se fait plus facilement dans les milieux éduqués, aisés et politisés, ce qui signifie paradoxalement que parmi les jeunes électeurs, ce sont ceux issus de milieux défavorisés ou non intéressés à la politique qui ont la probabilité la plus élevée de changer l’équilibre des forces politiques en présence.     

Adolescent Sexual Onset: An Intergenerational Analysis

Adolescents have begun to initiate sexual activity at increasingly early ages in the past few decades. Using a sample of 2,494 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), structural and parental process variables were examined in the prediction of sexual onset. Results indicated that the age at which youth initiate sexual intercourse is related to the structural characteristics of their grandmothers and mothers, as well as puberty, gender, and race. There is support for partial mediation of the effects of these grandmother characteristics via mother characteristics and parental process. Results are discussed within the framework of the life course perspective and provide support for the importance of previous generations in the explanation of adolescent sexual behavior. Implications for families and adolescents are also addressed. Katherine A. Johnson, is a doctoral student at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Her research interests include the study of crime, gender, and high-risk youth using both qualitative and quantitative methodology. Kimberly A. Tyler, is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Her research interests include homelessness, child abuse and neglect, victimization, and high-risk behaviors among adolescents and youth.     

The Relationship Behavior Networks of Young Adults: A Test of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to determine how negative relationship behaviors are structured in the semantic networks of young adults from violent versus nonviolent homes. Participants included 110 students (72 females and 38 males) from a large Midwestern university who were enrolled in an introductory psychology class. They completed a sorting task that involved relationship behavior stimuli. As hypothesized, differences were found in the composite sorting patterns, as represented by multidimensional scaling (MDS) solutions, for three different groups categorized by their family-of-origin violence history (i.e., nonvictimized by/did not witness parental violence, None; victimized only, Victim; and both witnessed/victimized, Both). Interpretations of the MDS solutions revealed different associations between violent and nonviolent conflict behaviors for victimized versus nonvictimized individuals, suggesting different semantic associations for conflict for individuals in the two groups. In a second set of analyses, separate solutions were generated for perpetrating and nonperpetrating individuals from violent families. Perpetrator and nonperpetrator solutions were also found to differ significantly. These findings suggest that relationship-specific semantic networks are associated with both past and current experiences with violence. One interpretation of these findings is that cognitive differences, generated in the family of origin, may serve to perpetuate a cycle of violence in subsequent romantic relationships.     

信息技术对旅游统计的影响分析

现代信息技术实现了海量信息的低成本高速传播 ,为旅游业提供了全新的信息传播和处理手段 ,对旅游统计产生了深远的影响。只有适应市场变化 ,抓住信息技术革命的机遇 ,改进旅游统计硬件设备 ,开发旅游统计应用软件 ,建立现代化的旅游统计信息系统 ,培养高素质的旅游统计人才 ,才能发挥旅游统计的信息服务功能 ,解决旅游统计信息有效供给短缺的问题 ,实现信息资源共享     

基层扶贫"微腐败":生成逻辑与治理路径 ——基于交易成本政治学分析框架

扶贫工作中出现的基层"微腐败"直接影响着扶贫成效乃至农民的获得感,成为新时期反腐败工作的重点。基于交易成本政治学的分析框架,在多重、复杂的委托-代理关系和扶贫任务繁重的背景下,信息拥堵、机会主义和资产专用性引发了政治交易成本,同时诱发了"微腐败"问题。要改变这种政治效率低下、"微腐败"高发的状态,就要找到降低政治交易成本的方法。研究表明,可以从建立承诺机制、引入差异化竞争激励机制、完善乡村治理规范体系以及建设大数据共享平台等四个方面解决基层扶贫"微腐败"问题,提高精准扶贫成效。