我国土壤污染防治立法研究

我国目前在土壤污染防治方面不仅没有专门性单行法律、法规,而且在《环境保护法》等法律、法规中也只有些零散规定,防治土壤污染的法律基本上是一项空白,缺乏系统的、可操作性的具体法律制度。立法的缺乏直接导致环境管理权的缺乏,这与土壤污染的严峻形势及其防治的实际需要很不相适应,在土壤污染防治问题的原因分析中,几乎都将政策与法律的缺失问题作为最主要原因之一。为了使土壤污染防治有法可依,需要健全和完善土壤污染防治法律、法规体系,目前,最亟需制定的是一部综合性的土壤污染防治的法律,对我国土壤污染防治的目的、基本原则、管理体制和主要制度作出规定。     

构建和谐执法环境与提升警察管理水平的思考

构建和谐社会,要求警察管理者能够把握管理学科的系统框架,深入了解现有警察管理法律法规,注重管理者与被管理者素质的共同提升,不断推动管理创新。构建和谐执法环境是社会建设与发展的客观要求,提升警察管理水平是构建和谐执法环境的必要条件,通过实现优化警察执法环境和提升警察管理水平,将有效促进实现构建和谐社会的最终目标。     

环境时代宪法的权利生态化特征

文章首先指出无论是近代宪法的法理基础———个人主义 ,还是现代宪法的法理基础———团体主义 ,都难以对付当前日益严重生态危机的挑战 ,主张可在团体主义的基础上将生态主义作为环境时代宪法的法理基础 ;而后 ,文章通过对传统宪法价值取向在环境时代所表现出种种局限的反思 ,提出环境时代宪法的价值取向———当代人与后代人 ,人与自然 ;最后 ,文章认为随着环境时代宪法法理基础———生态主义的建立和宪法价值取向———当代人与后代人 ,人与自然的确立 ,宪法将在权利社会化的基础上向权利生态化扩展 ,并围绕“人类和生态共同利益”之保护而精心构建 ,从而极具权利生态化的特征。     

The Quest for a United Nations Specialised Agency for the Environment

Abstract

Recent years have seen intense intergovernmental deliberations on issues concerning governance in the field of environment. Their aim has been to address the role of the institutions that provide platforms for international environmental cooperation. There are two main lines of enquiry: the role of regime-specific institutions that cater to sectoral regulatory frameworks (popularly known as multilateral environmental agreements, or MEAs); and the role of institutions that are established to follow up on global environmental conferences or a specific environmental task. Most of these institutions reflect intergovernmental consensual process. However, there are concerns about their proliferation and there is a growing cacophony of calls to ‘bring coherence to the fragmented landscape of MEAs, intergovernmental bodies, UN system entities and other international organizations’ (Sha Zukang (2011) ‘Legal and policy dimensions of sustainable development: expected contribution of Rio + 20’, Environmental Policy and Law, 41(6), pp. 244–246, at p. 245). In fact the need to bring order to environmental governance has assumed great importance and urgency if environmental cooperation is to be achieved. This paper explores, in particular, the role of the United Nations Environment Programme and its potential for conversion to a specialised agency of the UN.     

Fractured International Environmental Governance and the Potential Role of the Commonwealth in Biodiversity and Climate Change

Abstract

This paper begins by examining the reasons behind most failures of governance, including fault lines in institutional and professional specialisation, and in ideology. These three, forever competing within and between themselves, frustrate attempts to find solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges. Not least among these are environmental challenges, where preferences and priorities that are geographically, professionally or ideologically narrow inevitably fail to achieve solutions for the greater good. What role can the Commonwealth play in addressing the fracture lines that bedevil solutions for climate change and biodiversity? It may help to stimulate global action on these issues if it can encourage agreement across multidimensional global boundaries. We know the Commonwealth is not a leading global force for controlling climate change or biodiversity loss; but if it had the political will it could be an exemplar of how, between a group of vastly diverse countries across the globe—and on the global political stage—binding agreement and positive action on climate change and biodiversity could be promoted and perhaps achieved. One of the strongest features of the Commonwealth is the generation of long-standing legal and ethical norms whose appeal is obvious even if their implementation is lacking. These norms should not be limited to the rule of law, democracy and human rights, but should include environmental norms because these too are fundamental to a satisfactory human condition.     

日本民间非营利组织的发展现状、法律环境及社会贡献

自20世纪90年代中期以来,随着日本政治和社会环境的改变,日本政府以“小政府、大社会”为目标,转变了社会管理职能,将很多职能移交给民间非营利组织,使这些组织进入快速发展阶段.尤其1998年《日本特定非营利活动促进法(NPO法)》的制定及颁布,从法律层面上规范了民间非营利组织的运行环境,使非营利组织所关注的社会领域不断拓宽,其社会贡献越来越重要.那些活跃在国外的民间非营利组织通过民间外交及社会教育活动提升了国际影响力,而在国内从事环境保护、社会福利的民间非营利组织则通过社会公益活动,增强了国民凝聚力.日本民间非营利组织的蓬勃发展越来越成为日本提升国家软实力的重要途径.     

违约精神损害赔偿适用范围限制的研究

各国理论和实务在对传统合同法不承认违约精神损害赔偿理论进行例外论述和规定时,虽然考虑到应对该例外要进行一定的限制,但是都缺乏系统性。由于传统的合同违约责任制度与侵权责任制度的二元结构尚存,因此有必要对违约精神损害赔偿适用范围进行研究,通过研究可以对其进行三重限制。     

企业改制中资产评估的法律问题探析

我国目前资产评估法律环境有待完善,资产评估相关法律体系还没有建立起来。企业改制中资产评估主要遵守的是《国有资产评估管理办法》,不能满足资产评估业发展的需要。评估法律规范实质上是法律规范在评估中的具体应用,即评估法律规范是指由国家立法机构或国家行政机关依法制定的,是评估人员必须实施的行为规则,其最终目标是调整评估法律关系。     

精神世界结构探析

建设和丰富人们的精神世界是一项具有深远战略意义的任务和目标。精神世界是人所特有的一个极其复杂的世界,当然是由物质世界决定的,但作为一个相对独立的世界,有其特殊的规律和建设方式。对此,要加强研究和认识,分析精神世界结构,掌握其形成、发展变化的规律和特点。本文把人们的精神世界相对区分为三个层面,并对这三个层面的相互关系作了初步分析和探讨,指出了问题所在及寻找解决问题的思路和途径。     

我国城市地下水环境保护的法律机制

城市地下水在社会经济发展和生态环境平衡等方面起到不可替代的作用。我国城市地下水环境存在着严重污染、严重超采和生态恶化的状况。而城市地下水环境的有效保护有赖于相关法律机制的健全。因此从城市地下水环境规划,到具体制度的设计,再到法律责任的落实,以及最终环境法治的实现,是城市地下水环境保护的法律机制的不断完善和实现其功能的过程。