The States Come Marching In: Examining State Agency Influence on Federal Rules

Amidst congressional gridlock, administrative rulemaking is the main pathway for environmental policy making. Scholars have assessed the role of the institutions of government (the president, Congress, and the courts) and key interest groups (i.e., business and environmental interests) in shaping rulemaking outcomes. What is missing from this literature is an assessment of the role of key implementers, state environmental agencies. This research fills this gap by assessing the role and impact of state government agencies in three case studies of rulemaking at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Based on original interviews and a public comment analysis, this research suggests that state agencies play an active and influential role in EPA rulemaking. And, in some cases, state agencies wield more influence than other interest groups. Interviewees argued that this influence stems from these agencies’ unique voice as an implementation collaborator. As a result, researchers should incorporate an assessment of the role of these interests to more effectively explain regulatory outcomes at the EPA and potentially across the bureaucracy.     

How Do Sectoral Interests Shape Distributive Politics? Evidence from Gasoline and Diesel Subsidy Reforms

Sectoral interests play an important role in distributive politics, but their influence is difficult to measure. We compare the effect of international oil prices on subsidies for domestic gasoline and diesel consumption. Because diesel is used by a smaller number of organized agricultural and transportation interests, they are more capable of collective action than the dispersed beneficiaries of gasoline subsidies. The conventional wisdom holds that sectoral interests could mobilize to stop reform (e.g., price increases, deregulation). Challenging this view, we consider the possibility that sectoral interests promote reform by facilitating the targeted allocation of compensation and exemptions. An empirical analysis of gasoline and diesel prices, 1991–2012, strongly supports the second hypothesis: diesel prices respond to international oil prices more strongly than do gasoline prices. Quantitative tests and case studies allow us to explore causal mechanisms, verify that the gasoline‐diesel difference is related to actual policy reforms, and reject alternative explanations.     

浅谈网络环境下档案信息资源整合策略

档案信息资源整合工作，需要多方共同努力，协调发展，要引入市场机制，在研究开发、标准制定、档案数字化加工等工作上要充分利用高校、科研院所及相关企事业的研发和加工力量，通过社会参与市场行为，完善档案信息社会化服务体制。     

特色数据库：网络环境下专业图书馆的选择

网络环境下用户检索存在着巨大障碍，专业图书馆应大力发展特色数据库。本对特色数据库及其作用、如何建立特色数据库，进行了探讨。本强调指出，专业人员角色的彻底转换是特色数据库建设中最关键最核心的问题。     

违约责任精神损害赔偿之通说辩驳与适用设计

关于违约责任精神损害赔偿的理论通说的辩驳可以揭示,违约责任精神损害不适用赔偿的种种理由难以令人信服,不足以构成否定赔偿的法理依据。因此,立法上可以确立违约责任适用精神损害赔偿的制度。同时,为了克服理论障碍,将可能产生的负作用降到最低,需要进行严格而审慎的适用该赔偿的制度设计。     

影响公安院校学员英语综合应用能力的因素

公安院校学员的个体差异、主观因素和入学基础，家庭、社会、学校、环境等客观因素，对他们的英语综合能力的提高，具有很大的影响作用。要充分利用多媒体和网络技术、采用新的教学模式、改进原来的以教师讲授为主的单一课堂教学模式，已成为英语教学发展的必然趋势。     

论报纸、广播、电视、网络新闻语言的语境

新闻语言在语境上与日常会话有明显区别:在言语链上表现为单向与循环的差异,在交际场景上表现为虚拟与具体的对立,在交际范围上则表现为开放与封闭的不同.新闻受众也因新闻传播媒介的不同而在信息的"真"、"新"、"快"、"易"、"近"等需求上表现出不同的侧重.     

改革开放以来人的精神生活问题及成因探析

改革开放以来我国人的精神生活得到了明显的改善,人们的精神生活日益丰富,精神境界有较大提高,但同时也存在着一些不容忽视的问题。我国人的精神生活问题的产生有着多方面的原因,从思想层面上看是受西方消费主义思潮的影响,从现实层面上看是受科技、全球化、社会转型三者的负面效应以及市场经济自身的弱点影响所产生。     

《环境保护法》立法目的及其修改建议——定位才环境与资源保护基本法位置上

关于《环境保护法》立法目的的修改问题，学界可谓是见仁见智。可将学者们代表性修改观点归纳为“三元协调微修改说”、“三元协调中修改说”以及“人与自然和谐基本说”等三种。这三种代表性修改观在认识上自有合理之处，但也有其不足，因此不足单独可取。事实上，可以从立法方法论、立法理念、立法表达等三个方面入手去思考和解决《环境保护法》立法目的修改问题。基于这样的思考，可将《环境保护法》立法目的每款（第一条）修改为：为防治环境污染和生态破坏，防止自然资源开发使用浪费，保护并改善生活环境与生态环境，保障人体生命健康与财产安全，保障生态平衡与安全，实现经济社会可持续发展．实现人与自然的和谐相处，制定本法。     

市民的依法行为:依法治市的一个重要方面

市民的依法行为和公务员的依法行政构成了依法治市的两大层面。市民的依法行为在依法治市中起着重要的作用。完善相关立法是市民依法行为的前提；鼓励市民依法参政、议政，以推进城市政治生活的民主化进程；弱化传统权威和单位权威，强化崇尚法治权威；培养法治精神，形成法制环境，使市民自觉学法，守法和用法