The public valuation of religion in global health governance: spiritual health and the faith factor

ABSTRACT

This article explores how the role of religion is evaluated in global health institutions, focusing on policy debates in the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank. Drawing on Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot’s pragmatist approach to justification, I suggest that religious values are creative and worldly performances. The public value of religion is established through a two-pronged justification process, combining generalizing arguments with particularizing empirical tests. To substantiate the claim that abstraction alone does not suffice to create religious values in global public health, I compare the futile attempts of the 1980s to add ‘spiritual health’ to the WHO’s mandate with the more recent creation of a ‘faith factor’ in public health. While the vague reference to some ‘Factor X’ inhibited the acceptance of spiritual health in the first case, in the second case, ‘compassion’ became a measurable and recognized religious value.     

试论旅游合同中精神损害赔偿的合理性

旅游是一种具有精神产品性质的消费活动,旅游者以追求精神享受为目的,在旅游合同立法中规定违约责任精神损害赔偿制度,支持旅游者在旅游合同纠纷中关于精神损害赔偿的请求,是对消费者法益周全保护的要求,也符合民法原理和宗旨.     

Seeking Safety,Finding Abuse: Stories from Foster Youth on Maltreatment and Its Impact on Academic Achievement

The safety of foster children and youth is the primary concern of the U.S. Department of Human Services. Yet, not all certified foster care homes offer the safety children need. This article reports the findings of a phenomenological study of foster youth reporting maltreatment occurring at the hands of foster parents. With a scarcity of studies on the abuse occurring at the hands of foster care providers, this study offers an important glimpse into the realities of life in care. Through in-depth interviews, this study reveals the harm perpetrated by foster care providers and the probable connection between maltreatment in care and barriers to academic achievement.     

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Child Maltreatment on Later Outcomes among High-risk Adolescents

The current study longitudinally examines the effects of child maltreatment, parenting, and disadvantaged neighborhood on victimization, delinquency, and well-being via running away and school engagement among a sample of 360 high-risk adolescents. Results of a path analysis revealed that parenting was associated with school engagement, running away, and well-being. Childhood neglect was related to victimization while sexual abuse and living in a more disadvantaged neighborhood were associated with poorer well-being. Greater school engagement was associated with higher levels of well-being and a lower likelihood of delinquency. Finally, running away was positively associated with participating in delinquent activities. In terms of the interactions, results showed that the effect of positive parenting on well-being was significantly stronger for females and the manner in which neglect related to school engagement was greater among males. Additionally, gender significantly moderated the relationship between running away and victimization and between running away and delinquency, both of which the effects were significantly stronger for males. Implications for families and adolescents are addressed.

把握先进文化的前进方向

江泽民同志关于我们党始终代表中国先进文化前进方向的重要论断,是对马克思主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的继承和发展。中国当代的先进文化就是有中国特色的社会主义文化,具有鲜明的时代特征和现实内容。把握先进文化的前进方向,最根本的是坚持以马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论为指导,用马克思主义牢牢占领思想阵地。     

劳模精神何以进入中国共产党精神谱系？——以马克思主义劳动政治观为视角

中国共产党将劳模精神纳入党的精神谱系中,在主体形态、价值形态基础上发展出劳模精神的政党形态,实现了劳模精神与马克思主义政党精神的双向互嵌与内在联结。本研究从历史发生学视角对中央苏区时期劳模运动历史情境进行回溯与分析。研究认为,劳模精神与苏区精神、井冈山精神同根同源,都是由同一社会历史场景型塑而成的精神标识和精神样态。更为关键的是,中国共产党将马克思主义劳动政治理论同中央苏区劳动生产和政治革命实践有机结合起来,推进马克思主义劳动观的中国化再造和话语创新,构建出中央苏区劳模精神,成为中国共产党精神谱系中第一个以劳动为主题的精神符号。劳模精神是共产主义劳动伦理的生动写实,它与马克思主义政党精神和中国共产党政治文化高度一致,是中国共产党组织群众、引导群众的强大精神力量。     

Spiritual Support： Media＇s Responsibility in an Aging Society Case Study of＂News Decoded＂

After decades of rapid economic growth, China has been increasingly confronted with the aging society issue. The unique one-child policy and unbalanced development between the urban and the rural have brought drastic changes in elder care. The lack of elder care professionals and the deceased-single-child families have attracted public attention through media reports. Increasing concerns of elderly emotional care are considered as a good sign for Chinese society. To treat elders well is the new goal to achieve of high quality life. Nevertheless, the improvement of qualification of media reports has been limited by many factors, such as the incapability to resolve complex issues, the lack of applicability of recommendations, and the short of professional reporters. Governments and media need to work together to turn the slogan of respecting elders into actions. Journalists should learn experience from their foreign peers and deliver the new approaches and ideas of respecting elders to the entire society, to enhance the quality of lives of elders, and to create a better public opinion environment. High-quality news coverage will play an important role in the improvement of quality of elders＇ lives.     

Gender,Child Maltreatment,and Delinquency

Prior research and theorizing have suggested that the relationship between child maltreatment and delinquent outcomes is gendered. However, research to date that has sought to test this hypothesis has been incomplete due to issues such as inconsistency in findings, focusing on a single type of maltreatment or delinquent outcome within a given study, and an overreliance on nonprobability samples. The authors sought to expand on this literature by examining the effects of several different types of child maltreatment on six different delinquent behaviors during middle adolescence in a nationally representative probability sample of American adolescents. Results suggest that in the case of physical abuse and alcohol use, child maltreatment shapes delinquent behaviors differently for girls and boys, with several other types of delinquent behaviors being similarly shaped by child maltreatment among girls and boys. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

论高校文化冲突与精神文明建设

改革开放给我们的精神文明提出了新的课题,高校精神文明建设也面临着复杂的文化冲突,像公私问题、义利问题、中西问题、古今问题、内外问题、知行问题等等,但我们对这些问题一直认识、研究、解决不够.要建设高校科学的精神文明结构,我们就必须从目标论、方法论、实践论3个层次上把握文化冲突,并将这3个层次贯穿于精神文明建设的整个过程中,一层层地进行分析和构建,把握每一层次的规律,探寻科学的方法,解决冲突问题.     

西部大开发与西部文化环境营造

从环境哲学的角度来看,西部大开发在人文精神、文化心智模式、文化价值评判、道德主体意识四个层面上还严重存在着与大开发要求不相适应的地方,极大地制约着西部大开发的进程。要使西部大开发达到预定目标,就必须大力营造与之相适应的文化环境。