The impact of social class and parental maltreatment on the cognitive functioning of children

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the cognitive functioning of maltreated children with two groups of nonmaltreated children: those matched for age and SES and those matched only on age. All of the children ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. The rationale for employing two comparison groups was to examine the role of maltreatment and SES separately to determine which factor, if any, is associated with children's cognitive functioning. Additionally, the present investigation sought to expand on previous work by employing both global measures of cognitive functioning (WISC-R) as well as measures designed to tap specific abilities (e.g., selective attention, short-term memory). Results indicate that maltreated children demonstrated deficits in cognitive functioning but that these are no more pervasive than those found in children from the same low socioeconomic backgrounds. These findings suggest that it may be deprived family circumstances common in maltreating families, not maltreatment per se, that is responsible for the cognitive deficits often noted in maltreated children.     

党的三代领导集体对社会主义精神文明建设的探索与创新

党的三代领导集体在领导中国革命和建设的过程中,对社会主义精神文明建设进行了不断地探索和创新,极大地丰富和发展了马克思主义文明观.     

陈云对社会主义思想道德的贡献

陈云提倡勤俭节约、自力更生的创业精神,坚决反对贪污腐败和浪费行为,始终把人民利益放在第一位,重视干部群众的思想道德教育,强调党员和高级干部的共产主义思想教育,强调加强社会主义道德和精神文明建设.这些极大丰富了社会主义思想道德宝库.     

“三大文明”协调发展：全面建设小康社会的重要目标

物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展,是全面建设小康社会的重要目标,是我们党对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律认识的进一步深化.促进三大文明协调发展,对于全面建设小康社会、推进中华民族伟大复兴具有重大的理论和现实意义.     

庄子：人类心灵家园的守望者

庄子的伟大之处在于，能从生存的本质和恒久的意义的根本困境，进入时人类心灵家因的终极追问和原始探究。始终坚守内心的宁静，回归本真，顺其自然。主张守望心灵，回到本心的怡然自得和本真心性之中。来物以游心，“独与天地精神相来往”。在纷乱的世界中，放牧·心灵，为人类寻求个体生命真实安宁的心灵栖所，找回属于自己的那块诗意的大地!     

社会主义市场经济条件下人的精神需求的特点

社会主义初级阶段人的精神需求 ,是人类精神需求发展过程中的一个特殊阶段。在这个阶段 ,人的精神需求在相当程度上依附于物质需求。从发展的角度看 ,社会主义市场经济是“物的依赖”时代向人的全面发展时代转变的过渡环节 ,是以物为目的向以人为目的转变的过渡环节。市场经济发展了人们的物质需求 ,也强化了与发展物质财富直接相关的精神需求 ,为人的精神需求的全面发展准备了条件。随着人们物质需求的发展和满足 ,随着人们科学文化素质的提高 ,精神需求在人的需求结构中的地位会相应提高 ,人的精神需求会向更广泛的空间发展。     

驳精神损害赔偿限额论

无形的精神损害不同于显性财产损失,难以明码标价加以量化,“限额论”看似合理,其实有很多的不当之处,过于机械,不能很好地维护民事主体的合法权益。精神赔偿的最佳原则是“全面赔偿损害”,本着“罚当其罪”“罪责相当”的观念,具体情况具体对待。     

论和谐社区最佳运行长效机制链的构建

构建和谐社区是一项系统工程,包含若干子系统。一个子系统运行发生故障时,将会影响到整个系统的正常运转,建立健全和谐社区的长效机制链能使系统内部组织达到优化整合,系统外部功能得到最好发挥,进而达到系统内外互动的最佳运行状态。和谐社区最佳运行的长效机制链主要包括坚强的社区党建机制、有效的社区环境保护机制、公平的社区参与机制、创新的社区公共服务供给机制、健全的社区和谐文化建设机制。各种机制互动、整合和功能的发挥有利于和谐社区的构建。     

Gender Differences in the Connections Between Violence Experienced as a Child and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood

This paper uses longitudinal and nationally representative survey data to investigate the direct relationship between three forms of child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse), and future intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the USA. We further examine the indirect effect that child maltreatment has on future IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration, and the roles of socioeconomic factors on committing youth violence and IPV. Analyses indicate that gender differences exist for the developmental relationship between child maltreatment and young adult IPV perpetration, and the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV perpetration. For males, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused as a child on IPV perpetration are not significant. However, the indirect effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration are significant. For females, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration are significant. The indirect effect of being neglected on IPV perpetration is significant, while the indirect effect of childhood physical abuse is not significant. Childhood sexual abuse is not significantly directly associated with IPV perpetration for females; however, for males, it is the strongest (i.e., largest effect size) direct predictor of IPV perpetration. The indirect effects of childhood sexual abuse on IPV perpetration are not significant for both females and males.

Profiles of Child Maltreatment Perpetrators and Risk for Fatal Assault: A Latent Class Analysis

This study examined characteristics and profiles of 196 child maltreatment perpetrators in Florida, including 126 who committed fatal assaults during 1999–2002. Results of logistic regression suggest that being a biologically unrelated caregiver is the strongest predictor of fatal child maltreatment. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to classify perpetrators, and three classes were identified: Biological Mothers with Health Problems, Male Perpetrators with Domestic Violence History, and Multiple-Problem Perpetrators. Results of LCA showed that compared to Biological Mothers with Health Problems, Multiple-Problem Perpetrators were seven times more likely and Male Perpetrators with Domestic Violence History were 12 times more likely to commit a fatal assault. Implications of the findings are discussed.