繁荣社会主义文化须处理好几个关系

文化是人们在社会实践中逐步形成的知识体系、价值观念、生存方式等构成的观念形态复合体,既是一种社会生活,又是一种精神价值体系。社会主义文化要与时俱进,就是要用先进文化占领人们的思想世界,提高人们的科学文化水平。要繁荣社会主义文化,必须处理好继承与创新、民族性与全球性、一元化指导思想与多样性表现、文化建设与人的全面发展以及阵地建设与引导群众文化需求的关系。     

Perceived Social Environment and Adolescents’ Well-Being and Adjustment: Comparing a Foster Care Sample With a Matched Sample

Previous research has demonstrated that former foster care youth are at risk for poor outcomes (e.g., more problem behaviors, more depression, lower self-esteem, and poor social relationships). It is not clear, however, whether these findings reflect preemancipation developmental deficits. This study used 163 preemancipation foster care youth and a matched sample of 163 comparison youth. Results showed that foster-care youth did not differ from the comparison sample on measures of well-being, including depressed mood, problem behavior, and self-esteem. Foster care youth reported higher levels of work orientation, but lower levels of academic achievement, aspirations, and expectations. In addition, compared to the matched sample, foster care youth perceived better social environments with respect to their important nonparental adults (VIPs) and peers, but poorer social environments relating to their parents. These differences in social environments may have offset each other and resulted in similar levels of psychological well-being for the two groups of youth. Regression analyses further showed that social environments were linked to selected adolescent outcomes, and nonparental VIPs were especially important for the foster care sample.Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine. Current interests: Cross-cultural study of adolescent well-being, at-risk youth.Received PhD in clinical psychology from Radcliffe College, Harvard University. Current interests: Role of culture, family, peers, and nonparental adults in adolescent developmentReceived PhD in developmental psychology from University of Michigan. Current interests: Cross-cultural human development; neural bases of language and mathematical learningReceived PhD in developmental psychology from University of Strathclyde. Current interests: Life-span development, motivation and developmental regulation, control and health     

Offender Characteristics and Behaviors in NonSexual Child Maltreatment

Data on 552 child maltreatment cases in South Korea involving convictions, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, were analyzed in order to compare 259 offenses committed by male offenders with 293 offenses committed by female offenders. Relative to cases involving female offenders, male offenders both had a higher number of criminal convictions and were more likely to have previously abused their victims. By contrast, female offenders were more likely to have had financial difficulties, while their victims were significantly younger compared to male offenders. Male offenders were more likely to strike the victim, either manually or with an instrument, particularly a blunt instrument, whereas female offenders were more likely to pinch or bite their victims. The findings can aid social workers and medical personnel in recognizing the signs of child maltreatment and identifying at-risk children more effectively, helping to employ timely interventions and prevent the reoccurrence of child maltreatment.     

Understanding the Association Between Maltreatment History and Adolescent Risk Behavior by Examining Popularity Motivations and Peer Group Control

The purpose of the present study was to examine how peer group processes of pressure and control and individual motivations for popularity would add to, and moderate the relationship between, childhood maltreatment and risky behavior in adolescence. A total of 1558 youth (804 girls) from three high schools in Ontario, Canada (M age = 15.02 years, SD = .86) reported on their alcohol use, delinquent behavior, childhood experiences of physical and emotional maltreatment and neglect, peer group processes involving control and individual popularity motivations. Regression analyses showed that, beyond the significant contributions of childhood maltreatment, peer group control predicted risky alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Peer group control and popularity motivations exacerbated the negative effect of physical maltreatment on delinquent behavior. Boys’ experiences of peer group control were more strongly linked to alcohol use and delinquent behavior than girls’. These results suggest that there is a significant window of opportunity during adolescence where the peer group context can exacerbate or buffer childhood experiences.

The Daily Social and Emotional Worlds of Adolescents Who Are Psychologically Maltreated by Their Romantic Partners

The purpose of this study was to examine how partner psychological maltreatment is associated with depression, daily interpersonal experiences, and affect. Participants were 67 late adolescents (17- to 22-years-old). Each participant completed a survey followed by reporting affect, and interpersonal hassles and uplifts for seven consecutive days. Compared to those low in maltreatment, participants in the high maltreatment group reported more hassles with partners and friends, less uplifts with family, and more depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling showed that adolescents in the high as compared to the low maltreatment group were more interpersonally sensitive (defined as greater affective reactions to day-to-day interpersonal hassles). Results reveal that psychological maltreatment by partners is an especially potent experience that occurs along with greater romantic hassles and more interpersonal sensitivity. The effects of maltreatment were also found to spill over into relationships with friends and families by either being associated with more hassles and greater reaction to hassles or fewer uplifts and less reaction to uplifts.

马克思精神生产概念的提出及意义——马克思精神生产理论早期文本学研究

精神生产是唯物史观的重要组成部分,是建构唯物史观的理论基础。精神生产在现代社会发展中的影响越来越大。深入、系统地研究马克思精神生产理论,具有重大的理论和现实意义。     

警察文化的理论定位

作为精神文化的警察文化反映警察文化的本质属性，作为政治文化和社会文化的警察文化反映了警察文化的本质维度。警察文化自然还应该是一种管理文化，但是，它内在地属于包含于政治文化中的行政文化和组织文化范畴。政治文化和社会文化之间是一种相互规定的关系，二者的集合构成警察文化的完整内容。警察文化在政治和社会两个维度上辩证地展开决定警察文化对警务活动支撑的内在逻辑。     

中心城区文明社区建设浅析

文明社区建设在现代中心城区中的重要地位日益被人们所认同.无论从理论方面,还是从实际方面,文明社区建设都将深化对精神文明建设重要性的认识.要积极构建以街道办事处为依托、以相关职能部门为纵轴、以各公共户单位为网络、以辖区群众为纽结的文明社区建设的框架体系,探索权责保障、活动运行、目标考核、舆论引导等文明社区建设的运作机制.     

精神文明建设与发展中国先进文化——邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛对文化建设思想的发展

文明是文化发展的积极成果，与广义文化相对应的是物质文明、政治文明、精神文明，与狭义文化相对应的是精神文明。在当代中国，发展先进文化与建设社会主义精神文明在本质上是一致的，都要以马克思主义为指导，以民族精神培育，思想道德建设，教育科学以及文化事业和产业发展作为根本任务。都要立足于建设中国特色社会主义实践，着眼于当代世界发展趋势，坚持科学的发展观，以人为本，求真务实，与时俱进。