检察机关量刑建议制度若干问题探讨

量刑建议制度是根据求刑权设置的用以确保罪刑统一的相关制度,建立健全量刑建议制度,对保障量刑公正、增强检察监督、防范司法腐败、提高诉讼效率都有十分重要的意义。     

未成年人犯罪刑罚适用区域性考察及其罚则改革探讨

现阶段,我国处置未成年人犯罪存在矫正措施单一、监禁刑的适用比例过高、非监禁刑基本处于空置状态、缓刑适用率不高、对非本地户籍的未成年犯罪人基本不适用缓刑等缺陷。应实事求是地从未成年人既容易受惑犯罪、又易于矫治的立场出发,从既要“惩罚”他们,更要教育、拯救他们的立场出发,建立科学的刑罚体系、取消未成年人犯罪无期徒刑的适用、扩大非监禁刑的适用比例、设立未成年人犯罪前科消灭制度。     

《联合国反腐败公约》中的引渡制度探析

<联合国反腐败公约>是目前反腐败方面最重要的国际法律文件,它筑起了一道强大的国际反腐法律强网.实现对腐败犯罪的引渡是国际反腐败的一种自然延伸.而<联合国反腐败公约>关于引渡的规定既是对缔约国的要求,也是各国进行国际合作的有效路径.为了实现对腐败犯罪的引渡,接受"死刑犯不引渡原则"则是我国的上上选择.     

注射刑在我国的实践困境及其价值根基

变动中的行刑理念促成了死刑执行方式的不断更迭,注射刑的出现是契合行刑实践时代潮流的产物。注射刑作为一种新型的死刑执行方式,面临着操作不当将增加受刑人的痛苦,成本比较高昂,适用范围问题受到不断质疑以及程序操作缺乏明确性指导等困境。但是其背后蕴藏的深厚底蕴决定了难以抹杀它的人道化、轻缓化等价值根基。当前努力的方向是在正视注射刑积极与消极两方面的基础上,推进注射刑的行刑实践。     

量刑规范化与法官量刑自由裁量权的衡平

法官量刑自由裁量权的存在对量刑规范化的实现是必不可少的.在我国目前情况下,我们对法官量刑自由裁量权的存在应持有限度的认可的态度,不提倡法官量刑自由裁量权的过度行使.可以考虑从量刑理由的阐述、量刑基准点的确立和量刑刑事判例的角度对法官量刑自由裁量权的行使进行制约.     

落实罪犯的劳动报酬之我见

尽管监狱法明确规定监狱应当对参加劳动的罪犯给予报酬,但12年来这一规定并不能够得到很好落实。究其原因,一方面,财政拨款不足,“皇粮”和“囚粮”不能足额发放,罪犯的生产劳动成为推动监狱运转的力量之一,从而导致监狱经济捉襟见肘,没有足够的财力为罪犯发放劳动报酬;另一方面,监狱企业困难重重,无米下锅、找不到合适的米下锅的情况十分普遍。对此,应落实监狱法的规定,提高对罪犯劳动报酬制的认识,将罪犯劳动报酬划分为给国家、给社区和给罪犯个人三个部分。加大财政保障和监企分开的力度,为罪犯劳动报酬发放提供经济基础。     

正确认识对服刑人员的人权保护

服刑人员的人权保护问题是国际社会普遍关注的焦点问题。由于服刑人员的人权具有权益主体的特殊性、人权的不完整性和人权内容的特定性等特点,在对其人权保护方面尚存在诸多问题,亟待监狱及其监狱人民警察在对服刑人员人权保护方面,树立正确的思想观念,完善其人权保护的法律规范,进一步加强其人权保护的监督制约机制,不断提高监狱人民警察的执法水平,使服刑人员这一特殊群体所享有的法定人权切实得到有效保护。     

Dyadic Effects,Relevance, and the Empirical Assessment of the Kantian Peace

Dyadic effects to a large extent account for the difficulty of explaining and predicting international conflict. In this study, I derive a statistical model to estimate unobserved dyadic effects in the dyadic analysis of conflict. The proposed model employs a hierarchical modeling approach to estimate dyadic effects, thereby avoiding the problems caused by the use of fixed effects models. Furthermore, it simultaneously addresses the important sample selection issue of identifying relevant dyads. I show that the estimation of dyadic effects significantly improves the model fit and generates several interesting findings. Substantively, this study makes an important contribution to the empirical evaluation of the Kantian peace. It argues that international organizations increase the likelihood of conflict of interest between member states but reduce the probability of militarized conflict. I demonstrate that the positive coefficient of international organizations in Oneal and Russett (1999) is biased in the positive direction. When the proposed statistical model is used, international organizations, together with trade and democracy, reduce the probability of conflict.     

关于改善部分“罪刑关系”的立法建议

罪刑关系是指罪行与法定刑配置是否均衡的关系。现行刑法共规定了826种罪行(构成类型),分别配置了37种法定刑,其中大多数配置是均衡合理的,但是也有少数配置失衡的情形。例如,(个人)走私普通货物物品罪、贪污罪、受贿罪和绑架罪等罪名“罪刑单位”结构存在问题较多,另有几种法定刑幅度跨越了重罪与轻重的分界限,不利重罪与轻罪的划分,严重影响了刑罚的正确适用。为了提高个罪的立法技术,改善和优化我国刑法中的“罪刑阶梯”,有利于实现量刑公正,本文通过对不同罪刑关系的纵横比较研究,提出修订现行刑法部分条款的立法建议,并且较为详细地阐述修订的理由,以便引起同行学者的注意,期盼大家都来研究这些问题,为立法机关将来修订刑法提供理论支持。     

Factors Associated with the One-year Probation Outcome: A Self-report Study in Hong Kong

Why are some probationers able to comply with the sentence? Why do some fail to do so? In order to answer these questions, the article examines cross-sectional data collected from a selected group of Chinese offenders who were put on a one-year probation sentence in Hong Kong. It, in particular, aims at identifying the relative effects of four types of predictors, namely demographic, socio-economic, criminal history and probation intervention, on the probation outcome. For the purpose of this study, the probation outcome is the self-report data of the probationer at the end of the sentence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that self-reported reoffending was significantly related to peer involvement in criminal activities and triad association, a previous probation sentence, a urine test requirement and the offenders’ positive view of probation officers.