Codes in context: How states,markets, and civil society shape adherence to global labor standards

Transnational business regulation is increasingly implemented through private voluntary programs – such as certification regimes and codes of conduct – that diffuse global standards. However, little is known about the conditions under which companies adhere to these standards. We conduct one of the first large‐scale comparative studies to determine which international, domestic, civil society, and market institutions promote supply chain factories' adherence to the global labor standards embodied in codes of conduct imposed by multinational buyers. We find that suppliers are more likely to adhere when they are embedded in states that participate actively in the International Labour Organization treaty regime and that have stringent domestic labor law and high levels of press freedom. We further demonstrate that suppliers perform better when they serve buyers located in countries where consumers are wealthy and socially conscious. These findings suggest the importance of overlapping state, civil society, and market governance regimes to meaningful transnational regulation.     

Labor History Bibliography, 1999

This article analyses the ways in and the extent to which indentured labourers in Trinidad expressed discontentment with their situation. It looks at the ways in which dominance and oppression was contested in their everyday life and the levels of organization, which were visible in the plantation societies. It discusses the forms of opposition that occurred. Throughout the indentureship period, the Indian indentured labourers were engaged in deliberate acts to undermine authority. They refused to conform to certain demands made by the colonial authorities and were prepared to wrestle with aspects of the system that they perceived as threatening or iniquitous. They were also engaged in activities that defied the planters, masters or colonial authorities in one way or the other.     

简论配偶权

本文分析了配偶权与夫妻同居义务和忠实义务的关系 ,论证了我国婚姻法规定这两项义务的理由 ,并提出了具体设立这两项义务的设想 ,以期对我国的立法有所帮助。     

回归自然的人生取向与山水田园诗审美境界

贯穿山水田园诗的最大特征是自然。我国古代诗人在宦海沉浮与洁身自好发生冲突的情况下,常把山水田园作为赖以栖息的精神家园。他们在大自然中,假江山之助,以自然景物为材,创造出风格自然平淡的山水田园佳作,反映了诗人的人生价值取向与审美境界。     

农村集体经济组织成员资格标准的法律分析与实践

成员资格标准的法律缺失是农村集体经济组织内部征地补偿费等成员利益分配纠纷频发的主要原因。成员资格标准的法律缺失根源于农村集体经济组织的擅变和农村集体经济组织相关立法的逻辑障碍。通过立法完善成员资格标准时,应以在本集体内生产、生活的状态和对本集体土地利益的生存依赖作为基本依据,淡化户口对于认定成员资格的作用。在此基础上,本文以天津高级人民法院的规定为基础,提出一个农村集体经济组织成员资格标准立法的建议方案.     

追加被执行人原配偶存在的问题及对策

夫妻一方以个人名义所负的债务之所以被认定为夫妻共同债务,其理论渊源就是夫妻家事代理权制。然而,当前执行工作中追加被执行人原配偶的司法实践,却违反了夫妻代理权制的相关原则,以至于实践中也产生了不少实际问题,因此,有必要从多方面对该制度进行完善。     

私分国有资产行为之界定标准问题新探

自从私分国有资产罪设立以来，如何区分私分国有资产行为和共同贪污行为就成为摆在刑法理论界和司法实务界面前的一道棘手的难题。在众多的区分标准中，以私分国有资产行为受益主体多寡作为区分私分国有资产行为和共同贪污行为的标准成为刑法理论界的主流观点并在司法实务工作中被普遍接受。然而，以私分行为之受益主体多寡作为区分标准从逻辑和法理上均不可行，在司法实践中应该实行新的区分标准。     

Pregnancy as a Stimulus for Domestic Violence

Data collected from a domestic violence prevention and treatment program were analyzed to determine the relationship between female reproductive status and violent incidents. Both the frequency and severity of male initiated violence against women were twice as high when they were pregnant. These results are discussed in the context of an evolutionary perspective on domestic violence.     

Female Domestic Violence Toward Male Partners: Exploring Conflict Responses and Outcomes

The general purpose of this study was to investigate domestic violence within a conflict framework. Specifically, the association between conflict-based, communication response and outcome behaviors and the frequency and severity of female domestic violence towards male partners was examined. Participants were 153 female volunteers who reported on a range of communication responses and outcomes for both self and partner. The contribution of relationship distress was controlled for and also examined as a moderator. Relationship distress was not found to be a significant moderator. Results showed that seven communication response variables and four outcome variables were significantly associated with the frequency and/or severity of female domestic violence. Relative to nonviolent relationships, relationships with female violence had more male and female unilateral verbal aggression, more mutual verbal aggression, more male verbal aggression/female calms things down, more male demand/partner withdraw, more mutual avoidance, and less constructive relative to destructive communication. Relationships with female violence also had poorer resolution of problems and more emotional distance after problem arguments and discussions than their nonviolent counterparts.     

政治标准的变迁及其对经济体制改革的影响

本文回溯了党的三代领导集体对政治标准的认识历程 ,分析了政治标准的变迁及其与经济发展和体制改革的互动关系 ,并着重从社会主义基本经济制度和现代市场体系建设两个方面入手 ,研究我国经济体制改革过程中存在的深层次矛盾 ,探讨新的政治标准对于完善社会主义市场经济体制的作用