THE MAKING OF NEW CHINESE BUREAUCRATS: THE CUSTOMS COLLEGE AND THE CHINESE CUSTOMS STAFF, 1908–1949

Abstract

This article examines how new Chinese bureaucrats were made at the Customs College to retrieve the Chinese Maritime Customs Service from the foreign staff in the Service. The policies of training new bureaucrats vacillated between three courses: generalist education, specialist training, and cadre cultivation. China’s assertion of control over the Service set the scene for four decades of political struggle between the Inspectorate of Customs, Chinese governments, and the Nationalist Party.

The article’s first section explores how China’s drive to self-modernization generated the needs for new bureaucrats, led to the College’s initiation, and shaped its educational program and policies. The second section examines how the Nationalist Party politicized the College’s education and discusses interrelations between the war decade from 1937–1949 and the decline of the College’s status. Finally, it concludes by discussing the continuity of the College in Mainland China and Taiwan after 1949.     

Health and social care staff responses to working with people with a learning disability who display sexual offending type behaviours

Abstract

This study found that 59% of social care staff were currently supporting a client with a learning disability who had offended or displayed an offending type behaviour. The range of behaviours was similar to that displayed by clients in a secure health facility and included rape, sexual assault and exposure. Only 22.9% of social care staff had received training in this area, while none of the health staff had. Both groups expressed low levels of confidence in supporting this client group. The areas of difficulty were common to both groups and included personal attitudes and attitudes of others to the behaviour, and concerns over risk, responsibility and safety. In respect of attitudes, social care staff were found to be significantly more likely to hold negative attitudes towards the person's behaviour, while health staff were significantly more likely to feel negatively towards the person. Health staff were significantly more likely to identify training as a means of further support, while social care staff identified professional input. Both groups identified the need for theoretical training about working with this client group. Despite this no significant differences were found between those who had and had not received training and confidence, attitudes and the need for further support.     

Turning off jail turnover: do generational differences matter?

Reducing turnover in America’s jails is a significant fiscal concern and a serious organizational challenge. When determining how to improve retention, the private sector has been influenced by the literature on generational relevance. To explore whether similar cohort-driven motivators might be productively directed toward reducing jail turnover, the application of generational relevance theory to jails was empirically tested. To assess the impact of retention-related variables on various age cohorts working in America’s jails, a national survey was administered to jail staff throughout the country. Results indicate that less than half of the variables included in the analysis reached levels of statistical significance when analyzed by generational cohorts, and even among significant variables, over one-third were age-driven by nature. Although the findings do little to advance the cause of generational relevance theory, they are not without merit for jail administrators seeking to reduce turnover, pointing toward the universal appeal such intrinsic factors as treating people fairly, creating a positive work climate, and assuring that employees are listened to, have input, and are recognized, respected, and appreciated. Essentially, results indicate that reducing jail turnover is more likely to be a product of initiatives that are generically requisite than generationally relevant.     

关于职工收入分配问题的调查与思考(下)

本文通过对近年来我国城镇居民收入差距过大现象的成因及其危害的分析 ,提出了建立适合我国国情的现代企业分配制度的思路 ,并阐述了在建立现代企业分配制度过程中政府和工会的责任和义务     

对当前企业分配状况的探析

收入分配事关职工切身利益,也是现实生活中他们最为关心的话题之一。目前,一线职工对企业分配状况存在一些不满情绪;它在一定程度上影响着和谐社会、和谐企业、和谐劳动关系的稳定,应引起社会各界的广泛关注。     

关于河南省私营企业工会组建和维权情况的调查报告

在党的十五大精神指引下 ,河南省各级工会组织 ,在探索私营企业工会组建、建立私营企业工会领导体制、工作机制、努力提高工会工作水平、维护私营企业职工合法权益、不断开创工会工作新局面方面取得了显著成绩 ,基本形成了“党委领导、人大立法、政府支持、工会主抓、社会各界配合”的工作格局。     

建立适合我国小型工业企业的现代直线职能制

我国小型工业企业较普遍地存在着家长式管理及官僚主义现象,即职工素质低,组织机构臃肿,各部门责、权、利不清等问题.从组织结构的角度看,必须对我国大多数小型工业企业现行的直线职能制进行必要的完善与补充,尤其是引入工作团队制和动态联盟概念,并有意识地降低其刚性作用.     

浅析人员反应对火灾风险评估的影响

通过探讨人员反应可能对火灾发生造成的影响及分析安全人员采取行动的起始时间分布,给出一种考虑人员反应的风险评估方法的基本框架并分析其优劣,表明了定量考虑人员反应的可能性。对于进一步发展风险评估方法具有借鉴意义。     

我国职工参与公司治理制度的非效率性分析

本文从利益相关者的理论基础出发,分析职工参与公司治理的必要性和重要性,并且对我国现有职工参与治理制度的非效率性,从劳动力特征的角度分析了非效率性的原因。     

浅析受贿罪中利用职务上的便利

利用职务上的便利，是受贿罪的基本特征之一。利用职务上的便利可分为利用本人职务上的便利和利用他人职务上的便利；利用现在职务上的便利、利用过去职务上的便利和利用将来职务上的便利。具体认定时应严格把握法律标准。