从法社会学视角看农民失地问题

土地是农民的安身立命之所。农村征地涉及到多方的利益分配,法律、政策、非正式规则之间的搏弈更加剧了这一过程的复杂性。征地所引发的农民失地问题,已严重影响了农村的发展和社会的稳定,由此带来了我国现代化进程的隐患。     

Research on Pre－trade Transparency and Market Liquidity

The transparency of the securities market reveals the extent of transaction information transmission to traders. According to the relative trading position, it can be divided into pre-trade transparency and post-trade transparency. Using Shanghai Stock market high frequency trading data, this paper builds an econometric model and analyzes the market effect of two important changing pre－trading transparency events. The empirical result hows that the pre－trade transparency changing has no significant effect on market liquidity. The expansion from 3－layer bid－and－ask price to 5－layer obviously lifts the stock price, leading to the U－shape change in volatility and trading volume. However, the 5－layer bid－and－ask price expansion to 10－layer in level 2 shows no significant effect.     

Grounds for self-government? Changes in land ownership and democratic participation in Chinese communities

Do variations in land ownership affect people’s democratic participation? Quantitative, cross-country research on this topic suffers from the non-comparability of regulatory systems and cultures, and the use of crude indicators to identify participation. This study attempts to overcome these methodological problems, by employing indicators of procedural and substantive participation in a structured, diachronic comparison of qualitative data from five sites in China – an authoritarian state, which, however, requires residents of urban communities and villages to participate in ‘self-government’. It examines whether and why changing land from collective ownership to state ownership, and residents’ compensated acquisition of cash and secure, fungible assets, strengthens or weakens participation in self-government. In the research sites, collective land ownership is found to stimulate participation in self-government. Transformation of the land to state ownership and people’s acquisition of private property weakens participation. The robust results of the study support the direction of a causal argument that collective land ownership is conducive to democratic participation. These findings imply that scholars and policymakers should consider the potentially adverse political consequences of changing land ownership. A further implication is that, absent substantial political reform, an urbanized China might be less rather than more democratic at the community level.     

技术标准化下专利许可制度私法基础的困境及其超越

技术标准化下，专利权极有可能借助标准的力量得以扩张，专利许可的交易样态和力量对比发生了重大变化，传统专利许可制度的私法基础由于回应上的迟滞，出现了适应性困境，并使得建构其上的专利许可制度在技术标准化环境下平衡专利许可交易各方利益方面的制度功能绩效受到极大的抑制甚至是丧失。为回应技术标准化环境的新要求，重塑和升级现有专利许可制度，首当其冲的任务就是在检视传统专利许可私法基础的前提下，从具体人格、利益平衡以及契约自由限制等方面对其作出新的适应性阐释，以为技术标准化下专利许可制度的完善肃清理论的障碍。     

论新型受贿的认定——以收受未变更权属登记房屋为视角

文章从最高人民法院和最高人民检察院《关于办理受贿刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》第8条规定入手,结合受贿罪的司法审判实践,对以＂借用名义＂收受未变更权属的房屋——进行具体分析,提出相关的意见。     

后土地财政时期减支增收的财税法律规制

后土地财政时期出现的财税现实困境暴露出过往经济发展失衡的问题,究其根源,无疑是现存财税制度的供给无法有效应对后土地财政时期的预期。面对财税领域特别是地方财政增量减少的窘况,并不能一味以外延式增加地方财政收入的方式来解决。应以财税制度供给侧结构性改革为指导,转变“全能政府”的传统观念,运用财税衡平理念和理论,强化内涵式减支增收财税法制供给与实施保障。只有矫正过往稀缺财税资源粗放使用的痼疾,使财税资源集约化配置,才能产生有效率的高质量经济发展功效。应通过财税衡平法律机制的纠偏,优化财富分配的社会实质公平效能,最终实现新时代社会和谐与经济可持续发展的理想目标。     

Contesting land grabs,negotiating statehood: the politics of international accountability mechanisms and land disputes in rural Cambodia

Abstract

In Cambodia, rural citizens embroiled in protracted land grabbing cases with the state and private companies are turning increasingly to international accountability mechanisms for resolution. This article applies the interlinked concepts of hybrid governance and legal pluralism to understand the prospects and limitations of ‘forum-shopping’ through appeals to international mechanisms for rural communities affected by land grabs. Drawing on interviews and using process tracing, it examines the outcomes of a mediation case filed with the International Finance Corporation’s Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) involving indigenous groups and a Vietnamese rubber company in north-east Cambodia. It argues that while international accountability mechanisms yield platforms for dispossessed groups to assert claims, they also reify choices between entitlements and attainability without circumventing the problems associated with justice delivery under Cambodia’s authoritarian regime. Overall, this study highlights the interaction, competition and collaboration between distinct forms of regulatory authority exercised by national and transnational actors involved in land grabbing cases in Cambodia, demonstrating their role in ‘negotiating statehood’ by governing local claims to land.     

基于分子克隆方法制备标准分子量片段混合物

目的制备标准分子量DNA片段混合物。方法选取pMD18-T载体部分序列作为插入片段,设计引物,制备包含不同大小的标准分子量片段的克隆。大量培养细菌提取质粒,用双酶切、连接荧光接头的方法制备不同大小的带有荧光的标准分子量片段,混合,纯化,最终获得标准分子量片段混合物(内标)。结果用分子克隆方法制备出具有实用性的标准分子量片段混合物,其单个标准分子量片段大小分别为80bp、124bp、194bp、224bp、254bp、304bp、349bp、399bp、424bp、454bp。并且这些标准分子量片段混合物可以准确地对DNATyper15试剂盒的扩增产物进行检测。结论应用该方法制备了能满足研究和实验室要求的标准分子量片段混合物,为DNA分子量标准物标准品的制作提供了一种新的方法。     

我国城乡居民消费价格指数差异分析

在刚刚过去的一轮通货膨胀中,农村的CPI涨幅持续高于城市。这种现象的存在不仅给农民带来更重的负担,也会阻碍国民经济的全面协调可持续发展。究其原因,一是根据一价法则,农村市场价格有向城市市场价格加速收敛的需要;二是农村市场自身不完善;三是政府的财政投入政策和宏观调控政策对农村市场不利。面对这种局面,要从财政投入、完善和规范农村市场制度以及调整宏观调控政策等方面入手解决问题。     

耕地集约化租赁的纠纷审视与司法应对

耕地集约化租赁虽对实现农业的转型升级具有积极作用,但也出现了一些损害农村土地权益的负面现象,并逐渐演化为诉讼纠纷。其所凸显出的发展与有序的问题不容忽视,需要司法实践积极回应,并进行利益平衡上的思考。