Social status,political priorities and unequal representation

Researchers on inequalities in representation debate about whether governments represent the preferences of the rich better than those of less affluent citizens. We argue that problems of high- and low-status citizens are treated differently already at the agenda-setting stage. If affluent and less affluent citizens have different priorities about which issues should be tackled by government, then these divergent group priorities explain why government favours high- over low-status citizens. Due to different levels of visibility, resources and social ties, governments pay more attention to what high-status citizens consider important in their legislative agenda and pay less attention to the issues of low-status citizens. We combined three types of data for our research design. First, we extracted the policy priorities (most important issues) for all status groups from Eurobarometer data between 2002 and 2016 for 10 European countries and matched this information with data on policy outcomes from the Comparative Agendas Project. We then strengthen our results using a focused comparison of three single country studies over longer time series. We show that a priority gap exists and has representational consequences. Our analysis has important implications for the understanding of the unequal representation of status groups as it sheds light on an important, yet so far unexplored, aspect of the political process. Since the misrepresentation of political agendas occurs at the very beginning of the policy-making process, the consequences are potentially even more severe than for the unequal treatment of preferences.     

Psychosocial Considerations in Working with the Chinese Immigrant

Abstract

Asian Americans have been the fastest growing segment of the United States population. Additionally, there is a continual influx of both legal and undocumented Chinese immigrants as well. Providers of social and health services, particularly in the public sector, have been coming into increasing contact with these individuals who bring with them a complex and multi-faceted history and background. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the psychosocial considerations when working with this population and some of the challenges encountered.

The Chinese immigrant's migration history and acculturation experience need to be appreciated within his or her cultural framework. Challenges facing the treatment of the Chinese immigrant include language barrier, shortage of bilingual staff and the associated difficulties in interpretation. Public education and outreach efforts have been targeting stigma reduction and developing primary prevention activities. The predicament service providers face when working with the undocumented aliens is underscored. A case illustration is included.     

Family history in canada

Life-cycle service was an essential institution in early-modern England that slowly died during the transition from a pre-industrial to a fully industrial economy. A socially pervasive and culturally broad movement of young people from their parental homes to live and serve in the homes of others, life-cycle service was integral to the demographic, economic, and social framework of the era and could not survive when that framework changed. This article examines the institution of life-cycle service, some of the underlying demographic, economic, and social structure that supported it, the changes in that structure that led to its demise, and the ramifications for young people of that demise. Although inevitable, the loss of life-cycle service with its broad social base denigrated service as an institution and was not without other costs especially for young women.     

List of Contributors

The emergence of regional parliamentary assemblies (RPAs) in Africa has been on the ascendancy since the mid-twentieth century. The essence of these parliaments is to contribute to regional economic and political integration through oversight, legislation and representation. However, the ability of Africa's RPAs to perform these functions has been challenged by institutional and legal factors. Using five regional parliaments (the East African Legislative Assembly, the Economic Community of West African States Parliament, the Inter-Parliamentary Union of Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Pan-African Parliament and the South African Development Community Parliamentary Forum) as case studies, this paper examines the impact of these challenges on the functionality and viability of Africa's RPAs. It finds that given that these parliaments lack legitimacy of authority and enabling status of operation, they exist merely as deliberative, consultative and advisory bodies rather than independent organs of regional economic communities with full legislative and oversight powers. Consequently, the paper recommends, among other things, the amendment of their constitutive acts to grant them full legislative and oversight functions, and the election of their members by universal adult suffrage in order to give them legitimacy of authority.     

Driving While Black

Abstract

The phenomenon of “driving while black” has ignited a heated debate: Do the police use race to target drivers? Most research on the topic compares the number of police stops and searches for a racial group to that group's distribution in the population. This approach ignores sociological theories of law, the driver's social status, the combined influence of race and sex, and whether the driver carries drugs in the car. In addition, the police are aware of being observed. To address these limitations, we surveyed undergraduates (N = 1,192) at one of the most diverse universities in the nation about their experiences with the police and their personal criminal behavior. Drawing on Black's (1976) theory of law, we examine whether a driver's race, sex, and social status influence police behavior (stop, exit, frisk, search, ticket/arrest). We also examine which drivers are most likely to have drugs in the car. The results suggest that a driver's race, sex, and social status all shape police behavior: African American men and Hispanic men experience more social control than white men; all men experience more social control than women; and low status drivers experience more social control than high status drivers. But despite the police focus on minority males, white males were the most likely to report carrying drugs in the car.     

公司法股权转让与股东资格取得关系探讨——以(2009)皖民二终字第0011号判决为素材

股权受让人在股权转让后是否直接取得股东资格而成为股东,现行法律规定并不明确。发生股权转让后公司尽管有义务变更股东名册和工商登记,但只在股权受让人将股权转让的事实通知公司后,才产生公司的变更义务。通知公司后即产生变更义务。在公司实务中,股权出让人在出让股权前向其他股东发出的通知有时可以认定为通知公司,应该结合具体案情综合判断。股东名册法理上的对抗效力与明文规定的工商登记的对抗效力相互矛盾,而且只有公司才能申请变更登记,这会影响股权受让人股东资格的取得,损害股权转让双方及其债权人的利益。     

Welcome baby programs

SUMMARY

Several successful prevention programs are recognized as exemplars of implementation. Complicated multidimensional interventions with different goals and directed at different target populations have been conducted with a high degree of fidelity using a common set of strategies. Future research priorities involve identifying the specific factors that promote implementation and determining what levels of implementation are necessary to achieve maximum program impact.     

论科学发展观的历史地位和时代价值

科学发展观是中国特色社会主义理论体系的最新成果,是在深入分析当今时代新变化、实践新发展和人民新期待基础上形成的科学认识,是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶,是马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现,把对中国特色社会主义规律的认识提高到新的水平。解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实,是科学发展观的精神实质,必须把握关键、抓住重点,将科学发展观真正落到实处。     

外语课堂教学研究：状况与启示——基于1996年至2011年国内文献的实证研究

本研究对过去16年间（1996年至2011年）刊登在国内主要外语期刊上有关外语课堂研究的文章进行了检索与统计。统计结果显示,相关研究可以划分为两个阶段：繁荣期（1996年至2006年）和停滞期（2007年至2011年）。繁荣期的特点是：（1） 研究重点从对教学法到对教学过程;（2） 研究内容主要集中在国外研究成果的介绍和引进、教学过程描述和特定环境的实例分析三个方面;（3） 研究方法主要是描写研究。停滞期的特点是：相关研究停滞;研究范围狭窄;本土化研究不够以及实证性研究比例依旧偏低。两个阶段在研究领域和研究方法上给予我们一定启示。文章最后对国内外语课堂教学研究提出预测与建议。     

中国职工权利状况、维权意识与媒介选择 —— 基于全国 1019份问卷调查和深度访谈

通过问卷调查和深度访谈发现，职工权利受损偶有发生。它不仅表现在物质层面（如薪酬），还 有精神层面。无论是权利知识的传播，还是权利意识的启蒙，以及通过信息传播赋权职工，都彰显了大众媒体的 不可替代性。另一方面，职工对大众媒体职工权利议题的报道并不特别满意，不只是数量方面，还有报道质量方面。