关于非法医疗机构内执业医师是否构成非法行医罪主体的探讨

依最高人民法院《关于审理非法行医刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》规定,个人未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》开办医疗机构的行为应认定为《刑法》第三百三十六条第一款规定的“未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医”,即在个体行医的场合下,医师必须取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,方能开展诊疗活动,否则便属于非法行医。然而,非个体行医的情形下,医师在无执业许可证的医疗机构行医,是否属于非法行医？对此,法律并无相关规定,本文对此类案件所涉医师是否属于刑法规定的“未取得医生执业资格的人”进行探讨。     

积极刑法观的反思与批判

面对日益增加的社会风险,我国刑事立法不断扩张处罚的范围,这种立法的积极姿态也得到了学者的认同,从而形成了积极刑法观的主张。积极刑法观的含义包括理念、立法、司法三个方面,其与预防刑法观、风险刑法观与功能主义刑法观都存在不同。无论从现实还是从法理层面而言,积极刑法观都存在许多疑问。在现实层面,我国现行刑法的结构并非是厉而不严,而是又严又厉。刑法的但书规定意味着立法采取定性加定量的模式,这与积极刑法观的立论或多或少存在冲突。我国司法机关一直采取扩张解释乃至于类推解释来适用刑法,因此指望通过司法实践来限缩处罚范围的观点并不现实。在法理层面,积极刑法观导致了刑罚权的过度扩张,冲击了人的基本自由,因而抵触宪法;同时它也违反了谦抑原则和比例原则的具体要求,并且作为其依据的积极一般预防理论的根基并不稳固。在方法论上,必须重提"李斯特鸿沟"的重要法治意义。     

Exploration and Practice in the Shanghai FTZ

正CHINA(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(FTZ)offi cially opened on September 29,2013,having gained State Council approval on August 22.The new 28.78 sq km zone encompasses four bonded trade zones–Waigaoqiao FTZ,Waigaoqiao Bonded Logistics Park,Yangshan Free Trade Port Area,and Pudong Airport Comprehensive FTZ–in Shanghai’s Pudong New Area.The zone’s international standards promote investment and trade,unfettered currency exchange,effi cient and fast regulation,and a normative     

论我国税收法定的缺失及其实现

在现代法治社会中,税收法定作为一项重要的宪法原则和税法基本原则,其本质在于对纳税人权利之保护及对国家征税权力之限制。目前,我国税收法律体系及税收实践中存在的诸多问题,折射出税收法定及其基本精神在我国的缺失。因税收法定之缺失而产生的危害,需遵循税收法定之基本精神与要求,从宪法中明确规定税收法定、确立最高立法机关对税收基本制度的专属立法权、规范与监督税收授权立法等方面予以消解,进而实现税收法定。     

The effect of transfer mechanism from juvenile court on conviction on a target offense in criminal court

The question of whether juvenile offenders should be handled in criminal court has been addressed by a number of studies. However, few have examined the effectiveness of the type of transfer mechanism and how it relates to protecting the public. Whether the mechanism used to transfer juvenile offenders to criminal court has any effect on the likelihood of being convicted of a target offense criminal court is examined here. It was found that the juveniles sampled in this study had a greater chance of being convicted on their target offense in criminal court if they were sent there via judicial waiver than if they were excluded from juvenile court jurisdiction by statute.     

被害人责任法定化初探

被害互动理论揭示了被害人在犯罪进程中承担着事实责任,这种责任经规范评价后应该成为影响犯罪人定罪量刑的情节。司法实践不能承受之弊端呼唤着这一情节的法定化,理论和现行立法为其法定化提供了丰富的既有资源。被害人责任法定化应该走一条以刑法分则为基础,以刑法总则为总纲,以司法解释作为保障的渐进之路。     

论我国刑法立法犯罪化的规律和原则细化

从1997年刑法修订到2011年刑法修正案（八）通过,我国刑法立法犯罪化规律呈现出以犯罪化为主,非犯罪化为辅,犯罪圈逐步扩张的情势.增加的41个罪名为法定犯,这其中又以保护公法益的罪名为主.犯罪化应当在抽象原则下进行细化,包括遵循当前的社会发展特征,遵循现阶段的刑事政策,与我国“立法定性＋立法定量”犯罪化模式相适应,注意刑法立法犯罪化与刑法体系的关系等.     

Consumer Redress Legislation: Simplifying or Subverting the Law of Contract

The growth of statutory consumer protection regimes in modern commercial societies has the potential profoundly to disrupt the private law landscape. Such schemes aim to increase access to justice for consumers by offering simplified and clear suites of rights and corresponding remedies. In so doing, however, they affect core areas of private law rights and remedies, and may come to undermine or replace existing contractual principles and policies. The result could be an incoherent system of private law with different principles and rules applying to commercial and consumer transactions. Coherence in the law requires that lawyers abandon their traditional ‘oil and water’ attitudes to legislative schemes and confront directly the interactions between these two bodies of law. This paper engages in that enquiry by considering the relationship between the relatively new consumer redress provisions in the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 and general law principles.     

刑事强制鉴定制度初探

近年来,随着刑事要案为公众所广泛关注,在某些案件中,司法鉴定成为直接影响被告人刑事责任的重要手段,也被推至舆论的风口浪尖之上。然而学界却少有对强制鉴定构建模式的专门论证。我国应当在法律中规定当事人的鉴定请求权,构建与裁量鉴定并行的强制鉴定制度,确定其适用条件、具体程序及监督体制。     

公司登记行政许可性质的法理探究

公司已经成为现代企业的重要表现形式,但是我国《行政许可法》仍然将公司等企业设立需要确定主体资格的事项列为可以设定行政许可的事项,致使行政许可的目的与设立公司从事生产经营活动的社会意义产生法理上的背离。行政许可的目的是防止危害公共利益的行为发生,而公民设立公司从事生产经营活动并不会危害公共利益。在公司设立领域,行政许可的工具性价值与目的性价值无法和谐,导致公司登记行政许可性质法理依据不充足。