Is There an Association Between the Body Mass Index and Interpersonal Violent Behavior?

An inverse relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the risk of completed suicide was shown in several studies. Furthermore, it is suggested that obesity might be associated with a lower risk for violent criminality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a higher BMI is associated with a lower risk for being arrested due to violent behavior in a sample of 43,992 male offenders. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship between different BMI categories and categories of committed crime as outcome variable by including various covariates. Our results indicated that compared to a normal BMI a higher BMI was associated with a significantly lower risk for being arrested in different crime categories associated with interpersonal violence, such as crimes against life and limb (for example: odds ratio = 0.60, CI 95%: 0.52–0.69 for 30–34.9 kg/m²).     

Ancestry and BMI Influences on Facial Soft Tissue Depths for A Cohort of Chinese and Caucasoid Women in Dunedin,New Zealand

This study measured and assessed facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) in adult female Chinese and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans (Caucasoids). Ultrasound was used to obtain depths at nine landmarks on 108 healthy subjects (51 Chinese, 57 NZ European), erect positioned, of same age group (18–29 years). Height and weight were also recorded. Statistical analysis focused on comparison of tissue depth between the two ancestry groups and the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m²). Results showed mean depth differences at Supra M2 and Infra M2 landmarks significantly greater for Chinese than Caucasoid women for all three BMI Classes (BMI <20, 20 ≤ BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30), even BMI <20. For both groups BMI positively correlated with FSTD values at all landmarks except Labrale superius. This study enabled ancestry and BMI influence on FSTDs to be observed and compared for two distinct groups. Results add to knowledge about facial tissue depth variation.     

Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement

The relationship between market liberalization and corruption has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Conventional wisdom holds that increased economic marketization reduces corruption. China, however, provides evidence to the contrary; corruption has grown as its market‐oriented reforms progress. This paradoxical co‐development of the market and corruption begs the intriguing questions of how corruption has survived marketization and what explains the failure of government regulation. Extending the conceptual framework of institutional theory about formal and informal rules, and using public procurement in China as an example, this article shows that formal tendering rules and regulations may be modified, circumvented, or replaced by informal ones which facilitate corruption. The article identifies four corruption schemes through which procurement actors may distort competition processes and mechanisms under the guise of formal rules. Consequently, public procurement in China displays the structural outlook of market competition, but not its essential substance.     

温肾养血方对无排卵模型大鼠卵巢质量和形态的影响

目的 探讨温肾养血方对无排卵大鼠子宫指数、卵巢指数及卵巢组织形态的影响。方法 采用丙酸睾酮皮下注射法复制无排卵大鼠模型。将模型大鼠分为模型组,西药组,温肾养血方大、中、小剂量组,分别给予生理盐水,枸橼酸氯米芬,温肾养血方大剂量（52 mg/kg）、中剂量（26 mg/kg）、小剂量（13 mg/kg）灌胃。另选22日龄大鼠作为正常组。连续灌胃21 d后,测定各组大鼠体质量、子宫指数和卵巢指数,光镜下观察卵巢组织形态。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量无明显变化（P>0.05）,子宫指数和卵巢指数显著降低（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠体质量和子宫指数、卵巢指数无明显变化（P>0.05）。温肾养血方大、中剂量组卵巢形态近似正常组,结构明显改善,多数卵巢可见发育期的各级卵泡,可见卵丘、卵细胞及典型黄体形成。西药组和温肾养血方小剂量组卵巢形态类似模型组,卵巢体积较小,卵巢表面苍白,无斑点,色泽苍白,卵泡数目少,卵泡较小,且形状不规则,多呈囊性扩张,无黄体。结论 温肾养血方能改善卵巢结构和促进卵泡发育。     

抗战时期湘桂铁路股票发行成效及其原因评析

广西荔浦县档案馆藏有一些湘桂铁路股票。这些股票是在抗战爆发后，随着湘桂铁路修筑而开始发行的。广西省政府在发行过程中充当着非常重要的角色。股票的发行在一定程度上促进了湘桂铁路的建设。但是，蒋桂矛盾使其经济功能未能得到有效的发挥。     

再论股票期权——基于中国国情的公司治理实践

公司"两权分离"引发了其管理人员的"代理问题",为克服公司(股东)与其管理人员行为目标的不相一致问题,股票期权这一能将公司管理人员劳动付出及其薪酬与公司业绩结合且卓有成效的长期激励方式在西方国家应运而生。长期以来,我国公司经营的低效率与其激励机制的欠缺不无关系,结合我国公司治理实践并借鉴股票期权这一制度对提升公司价值将著有裨益。     

全球化对妇女劳动力市场的影响

全球化对妇女劳动力市场有正面和负面影响.全球化在就业机会、跨国公司、知识经济、大众传媒等方面给妇女劳动力市场带来了前所未有的新变化,这些变化正在改进职业中的性别不平等现象.同时,全球化对妇女劳动力市场也有消极方面的影响.发展中国家妇女低廉劳动力的输出、男女就业方面的差异、大众传媒对旧有性别观念的广泛传播、跨国公司对妇女廉价劳动力的雇佣等都是妇女劳动力市场的制约因素.针对这些情况,我们应采取相应措施来改善妇女劳动力市场.     

从公共政府的建立看公共财政特征

在西方国家里,财政就是公共财政,而在我国可以说是我们经过几十年的旧式财政运行机制同新型市场经济体制激烈碰击之后悟出的真谛。财政改革的目标模式是建立公共财政的问题越来越引起人们的重视。本文试图从公共政府的执政理念的角度,把握公共财政的实质性特征。以期探索在现代市场经济条件下建立公共财政的新路。     

列宁与邓小平经济思想之比较

列宁在领导苏维埃俄国恢复国民经济的过程中,根据俄国当时所面临的国内外实际提出并实行了新经济政策;邓小平在领导和指导中国改革开放的过程中,总结国内外社会主义建设的经验教训,提出并形成了社会主义市场经济理论。列宁与邓小平经济思想既有广泛的一致性,又有较多的区别:前者是后者的思想来源之一,后者是前者的延伸和发展。