Validity Beliefs and Ideology Can Influence Legal Case Judgments Differently

Jurors sometimes enter a case both with prior beliefs about its likely validity and with more general ideologies that are relevant to the case. Although prior validity beliefs may serve as heuristics, directly biasing decisions when cognitive capacity is low, we hypothesized that ideology may bias systematic thought even when cognitive capacity is high. This experiment studied simulated individual juror decisions in a sex-discrimination case, measuring validity beliefs about such cases as well as feminist ideology, and exposing participants to 1 of 3 case versions under time pressure or no time pressure. Validity beliefs had a direct, heuristic impact on judgment only under time pressure. However, feminist ideology had a mediated influence on judgment via valenced thoughts about the evidence, even under no time pressure. Also, people with initially proplaintiff beliefs judged a woman's sex-discrimination suit more negatively than did prodefendants if the evidence was weak. The results suggest that when jurors can fully process information, validity expectancies might backfire if not supported by case evidence, but ideology can have a more pervasive influence on the decision-making process.     

利用压力循环仪提取骨骼DNA

目的探讨建立利用压力循环技术提取骨骼DNA的新方法。方法将11个不同部位骨骼样品分成3组,一组采用本实验室常规方法处理骨骼,一组采用压力循环仪处理骨骼,另外一组作为阴性对照,然后统一进行DNA的提取及定量。结果采用压力循环技术提取骨骼DNA时间比实验室常规方法缩短24小时以上,提取效率提高6%～49%。结论压力循环技术可以作为一种提取骨骼DNA提取的新方法之一。     

Investigation of Postmortem Absorption and Redistribution After the Application of a Fentanyl Patch

Fentanyl deaths have increased with availability of transdermal patches. Interpretation of postmortem fentanyl levels may be complicated by postmortem redistribution and absorption of fentanyl from a patch. We applied an unused 100‐μg/h fentanyl patch onto the lower abdomen of a decedent with no premortem fentanyl exposure. Ocular fluid, blood, and urine were collected prior to placement, and the decedent was refrigerated for 23 h. Prior to the autopsy, urine, subcutaneous tissue under the patch, and samples from the same anatomic sites were obtained. We observed no fentanyl in any postpatch placement samples (LOD: 0.1 ng/mL for blood and vitreous fluid, 1.0 ng/mL urine, 2.0 ng/g for tissues). Although we observed no postmortem absorption of fentanyl, this was only a single case; therefore, we recommend that patches be removed after receipt of a cadaver before initiation of an autopsy, with the location of removed patch documented.     

东北老工业基地的就业压力及对策分析

振兴东北老工业基地必须要对东北地区业已存在的巨大就业压力给予重视。随着我国加入WTO ,东北老工业基地的制度创新步伐加快和产业结构优化升级 ,就业问题日渐突出 ,成为影响东北地区改革和发展的前提之一。通过加速国有企业改革 ,大力发展劳动密集型产业 ,鼓励民间资本投资 ,完善社会保障体系、提高东北地区城市化水平和提供更多职业培训等 ,东北老工业基地的就业压力可以得到缓解并向良性方向发展。     

当前大学英语教学面临的压力及应对措施

本文分析了当前大学英语教学面临的压力,并探索了用有效的办法来应对这些压力,从而使大学英语教学体制能更有效地满足学生和社会的需求。     

SJDY-1型存储式电子压力计的设计与实现

地层压力测量是油气田开发过程中必不可少的工作。本文介绍了SJDY-1型存储式电子压力计的系统工作原理和系统结构组成,阐述了系统的软硬件设计,着重分析了系统的上位机程序,并给出了对系统实现非线性和温度补偿的方法。     

中国私营企业主阶层"原生代"与"新生代"之比较

中国经济的快速发展与中国私营企业主阶层的脱颖而出有着直接的联系,通过对这一阶层“原生代”与“新生代”差异的比较研究,对统一战线及中国经济的影响有着至关重要的作用。     

信息技术发展对知识产权法律制度的挑战

现代信息技术发展突飞猛进,信息技术的发展与知识产权制度息息相关,信息技术的变革与知识产权法律制度有着内在和外延的作用关系。本文从历史和现实两个角度层面对信息技术革命的发展与对知识产权法律制度的推动作用及其新的挑战关系进行了分析和论述。     

Diffusion of Personalised Services among Dutch Municipalities: Evolving Channels of Persuasion

In many European countries, municipalities are becoming increasingly important as providers of electronic public services to their citizens. One of the horizons for further expansion is the delivery of personalised electronic services. In this article we describe the diffusion of personalised services in the Netherlands over the period 2006–2009 and investigate how and why various municipalities adopted personalised electronic services. In achieving this, we analyse data that were gathered during interviews with key stakeholders in 10 selected Dutch municipalities. We synthesise the findings in an explanatory model of personalised electronic service delivery diffusion. The model emphasises persuasive pressures that are channelled to potential adopters of personalised services. Furthermore, the model shows how persuasive pressure (as perceived by adopters) is followed-up by organisational search activities, and how, in various circumstances, the idea of personalised services is ‘framed’ by innovation champions, knowledge brokers and new members of staff as to appeal to specific organisational priorities and ambitions. In doing so, this article contributes to an institutional view on adoption and diffusion of innovations, in which (1) horizontal and vertical channels of persuasion and (2) human agency, rather than technological opportunity and rational cost-benefit considerations, account for actual diffusion of innovations.     

Is Democracy Promotion Effective in Moldova? The Impact of European Institutions on Development of Civil and Political Rights in Moldova

The main focus of this study is an analysis of the impact on civil and political rights of democracy promotion strategies applied by the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Moldova in the 1990s to early the 2000s. Nowadays, democracy promotion is at the top of the agenda of policy-makers around the globe. The results of these democracy-promotion activities are quite mixed: some of them seem to work in certain cases, others to have no effect whatsoever. There is also a lack of consensus regarding the effectiveness of various democracy-promotion strategies in the scholarly literature. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by expanding the analysis to a new case (Moldova), focusing on one sector (civil and political rights), and comparing the effects of the two types of democracy promotion strategies (incentive-based and socialization-based). The study argues that domestic actors in Moldova tended to respond more to incentive-based democracy-promotion strategies than to socialization-based ones, and it also shows through qualitative analysis and process-tracing of the data that the absence of membership conditionality does not necessarily presuppose the failure of incentive-based methods.