命案侦查中警察的心理调适

2004年年初开展的全国公安机关“侦破命案专项行动”使各地公安机关都将“命案必破”作为公安工作的首要任务,面对比以前更加高标准、严要求,公安机关面临更多的压力和更高的工作强度。在命案侦破中,警察将面对巨大的压力;警察在命案侦破中要调节自己的心理状况,以适应工作的要求。     

Educational Competency as an Indicator of Occupational Stress for Probation and Parole Officers

Probation and parole officers are assigned the responsibility of supervising convicted criminals in a community setting in such a way that the competing goals of punishment, public safety, offender rehabilitation, and deterrence are achieved. All the while, these tasks are accomplished within the confines of shrinking budgets, large case loads, increasingly high-risk offenders, low occupational prestige, and considerable political and public scrutiny. These competing demands often result in especially high levels of work-related stress. The point of this research is to consider the divergence in occupational stress among probation/parole officers and whether or not they felt educationally prepared for their job. The data for this study were collected during a two-month study period which began on March 15, 2005. Data were collected non-randomly through a national Internet based survey of active probation/parole officers. This study considers a sub-sample of 2, 364 officers from fifteen states. The results show probation/parole officers who feel educationally under-prepared are likely to experience higher levels of occupational stress and more likely to have negative manifestations of stress than those officers who feel well-prepared.     

低氧和氧化应激中 NO介导培养神经元损伤机理的实验研究

目的探讨低氧、氧化应激中一氧化氮（NO）和氧自由基之间关系及其对培养神经元的损伤机理。方法对培养的新生大鼠神经细胞分别进行低氧、H2O2氧化应激处理和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抗氧化应激处理,用比色法等检测培养上清液中NO、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和SOD含量变化指标。结果与对照组比较,低氧组和H2O2组的NO、LDH、MDA含量均显著增高,SOD含量显著降低,NO与SOD含量变化呈负相关关系。预先给予终浓度为200U/ml的SOD处理,可使神经细胞的NO、LDH和MDA释放量明显减少。各组间NO含量与LDH、MDA含量呈正相关关系。结论低氧、氧化应激促使神经元NO产生增多,NO有增加氧自由基对神经细胞的损伤作用。SOD具有清除氧自由基和减轻NO对神经元的损伤作用。     

功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞氧化应激损伤的抑制作用

为探究功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP在缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤中的作用,首先构建氧化应激细胞模型,使用不同浓度的NC8-RLP作用细胞模型,通过MTT方法检测细胞的存活率和NC8-RLP毒性作用,观察细胞形态的变化;检测细胞模型内ROS含量的变化;采用Western-boltting检测NOX2、iNOS、Nrf2蛋白表达的情况。结果显示,成功建立氧化应激细胞模型OS-HUVEC,MTT结果发现NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞无毒性作用,且具有一定的促进细胞增殖作用,同时可减少OS-HUVEC细胞凋亡。当NC8-RLP保护OS-HUVEC模型2 h后,细胞内的ROS含量降低,iNOS、NOX2蛋白表达量与阳性对照组相比明显减少,Nrf2蛋白表达量增加。说明NC8-RLP对缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤作用有很好的调控作用。     

Failings of Trauma‐Specific and Related Psychological Tests in Detecting Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Forensic Settings

Judges and juries tend to be particularly impressed by test data, especially quantitative test data. Psychometric tests specific for assessing the presence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly employed by forensic mental health evaluators. Most of these instruments, however, have been designed to detect PTSD in treatment or research, and not forensic, settings. Those who rely on these measures without adequate awareness of their often significant limits in correctly identifying malingering may induce finders of fact to inordinately confidently accept the presence of PTSD. This article reviews problematic structural and content components of trauma‐specific and related instruments used to evaluate PTSD and discusses the utility of specific techniques liable to be used in forensic settings to “fool” these measures.     

Banking supervision and the politics of verification: the 2014 stress test in the European Banking Union

The statistical methodology known in financial terminology as ‘stress testing’ was used by the European Central Bank in 2014 in order to assess the solidity of the banks in the eurozone. This audit process is analysed here as a problem of truth production or ‘veridiction’ in the sense developed by Michel Foucault in his 1978–1979 lectures at the Collège de France. In order to prove effective, the stress test had to deliver knowledge on banks, objectified and actionable at once, but also controlled by the idea of avoiding ‘market panic’. This epistemological dilemma is at the core of the politics of verification, which consists in the distribution of restraint and responsibility between non-risky and risky banks. This qualitative investigation is focused on France and is based on interviews with relevant policy actors and documentary analysis.     

监狱中层领导干部心理健康状况与压力管理策略

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体,心理问题凸显已是不争的事实。当前监狱中层领导干部的心理健康状况如何,在调查的基础上,从探寻压力源和压力管理的角度入手,探索有效的方法、手段和运行方式,提升监狱中层领导干部的职业素养和领导能力。     

Strengthening Canadian Law Enforcement and Academic Partnerships in the Area of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: The Identification of Shared Research Directions

This article outlines the law enforcement response to online child sexual exploitation and identifies two key areas of research that would benefit from an academic focus—the link between online and offline child sexual exploitation offending, and the psychological health and wellness of online child sexual exploitation investigation employees. While there are several areas in need of research, these two areas demonstrate a unique opportunity for collaborative work. Also highlighted is a joint international research partnership among law enforcement, practitioners and academia that demonstrates the benefits of linking academic research interests with the practical needs of law enforcement. Last, are several suggestions for operationally relevant collaborative research in this area. Such opportunities bring together various areas of expertise, which will advance our understanding of the needs of victims, and improve victim support services.     

挤压家兔后肢导致急性肝损伤和抗氧化能力降低

目的本实验观察挤压家兔后肢导致肝氧化损伤,探讨氧化应激在挤压家兔后肢导致肝损伤中的作用。方法用标准重物间断压迫家兔后肢复制模型。采用生化方法检测ALT和AST活性;分析天平称重方法检测肝脏湿干重比值(W/D);比色法测定肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化;并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果血清ALT和AST活性明显增高(P<0.01),肝细胞明显肿胀,肝窦轻度淤血,而肝脏湿干重比值(W/D)轻度增加(P<0.05);肝脏氧化损伤明显加重,MDA含量增高,而肝脏抗氧化能力下降,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC分别比对照组降低了17%、29%、24%和21%(P均<0.01)。结论挤压家兔后肢引起急性肝损伤及肝脏的抗氧化能力下降;肝脏局部抗氧化能力下降可能是肝损伤的重要因素。     

Violence in Police Families: Work-Family Spillover

This article uses a path model to examine the relationship between violence exposure and domestic violence among police officers with the expectation that the relationships would be both direct and mediated. The mediation factors included burnout, authoritarian spillover, alcohol use, and department withdrawal. The model was tested through an analysis of data collected from 413 officers. Four mediation chains were identified; the most powerful of these was burnout and authoritarian spillover. Suggestions for future research include understanding violence in the context of unique workplace cultures, classifying violence types, and clarifying how this population defines violence and control.