“The big sleep: Elucidating the sequence of events in the first hours of death to determine the postmortem interval”

Recent developments on postmortem interval estimation (PMI) take an advantage of the autolysis process, pointing out to the analysis of the expression of apoptosis and autophagy genes towards this purpose. Oxidative stress plays a role in this signaling as a regulatory mechanism and/or as a consequence of cell death. Additionally, melatonin has been implicated on apoptosis and autophagy signaling, making melatonin a suitable target for PMI determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the early PMI through the analysis of the expression of autophagy genes as well as oxidative stress and melatonin receptor. Our results demonstrated a rapidly increased on the expression of autophagy genes according to the expected sequence of events, then a marked decrease in this expression, matched with the switch to the apoptosis signaling. These results revealed potential candidates to analyze the PMI in the first hours of death, helping to estimate the time-since-death.     

An Assessment of Judges’ Self‐Reported Experiences of Secondary Traumatic Stress

Many judges experience occupation‐specific stress, such as secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. A content analysis of 762 judges’ open‐ended responses to a survey asking whether they had suffered from STS revealed that judges moderately experienced most types of stress. Some case types (e.g., family court) and some job aspects (e.g., gruesome evidence) were particularly stressful. Judges reported both positive (e.g., social support) and negative (e.g., distractions) coping mechanisms. Interventions should be tailored to judges’ characteristics, (e.g., gender), job (e.g., family court), beliefs (e.g., that STS does not exist), and level of distress.     

Modeling job stress among police officers: interplay of work environment,counseling support,and family discussion with co-workers

Existing literature indicates that various factors affect police stress. This article uses data from the ‘Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel in the United States, 1995’ downloaded from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (‘ICPSR’) website. Respondents include 594 sworn police officers from 21 agencies in New York City. Using structural equation modeling, results indicate that sex, race, education, and tenure do not have a direct influence on total job stress, but have a direct impact on family discussion with co-workers, counseling support, and negative working environment. Rank has a direct impact on total job stress, negative working environment, and family discussion with co-workers. In addition, both negative working environment and counseling support directly impact police total job stress.     

An Investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depressive Symptomatology among Female Victimsof Interpersonal Trauma

This study examined factors associated with PTSD-depression comorbidity among a sample of 162 adult female rape or assault victims with PTSD, as well as potential differential predictors of PTSD and depression severity. PTSD-only participants reported higher levels of childhood sexual abuse than those with comorbid PTSD and depression, and the PTSD/MDD group reported relatively more distorted trauma-related beliefs, dissociation, PTSD severity, and depression severity. Distorted trauma-related beliefs and dissociation were the strongest unique predictors of higher PTSD and depressive symptoms. Rates of PTSD and depression comorbidity did not appear to be a function of symptom overlap. Study findings suggest possible explanations for the high PTSD and depression comorbidity rates commonly found among victims of interpersonal violence. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (R02-MH51509).     

醋酸镉对大鼠原代肝细胞氧化应激的影响

为研究镉对肝细胞的毒性,用两步灌流法获得大鼠肝细胞,并将其暴露于浓度为2.5、5.0、10.0μmol/L的醋酸镉中12 h,测定了细胞存活率,肝细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的释放,及细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化.结果表明.细胞存活率显著下降(P<0.01);LDH、ALT和AST的释放量均增加,部分镉剂量组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);细胞内GSH含量下降,5.0和10.0 μmol/L剂量组与对照组差异均极显著(P<0.01),GSH-Px、SOD和CAT活性升高,部分剂量组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);MDA含量升高,10.0μmol/L剂量组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);其余指标与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).证实,醋酸镉可致肝细胞损伤,并且氧化应激起了重要作用.     

Unaccompanied Migrant Adolescents in the Italian Context: Tailored Educational Interventions and Acculturation Stress

The migration experience is normally associated with acculturative stress; this condition assumes relevance when the migrant is a minor alone. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions about the migration process and educational interventions offered by host-community social workers. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 unaccompanied migrant adolescents that had finished their educational pathways in the traditional community centers. Interview results were analyzed using NVivo 9, based on the grounded theory. The main results of the study are related to the incompatibility between the educational intervention of host communities and minors’ projects and motivations.     

Name Index

No abstract available for this article.     

加减葛花解酲汤对小鼠急性乙醇中毒的干预作用

目的 观察加减葛花解酲汤对小鼠急性乙醇中毒的干预作用。方法 将40只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,加减葛花解酲汤低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。采用白酒灌胃复制小鼠急性乙醇中毒模型。给药后处死小鼠,取全血测定乙醇含量,取肝脏组织匀浆后分别检测超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。结果 随着加减葛花解酲汤浓度的升高,急性乙醇中毒小鼠的醉酒耐受时间逐渐延长,醒酒时间逐渐缩短。与模型组比较,加减葛花解酲汤低、中、高剂量组小鼠全血乙醇浓度明显降低（P<0.05）,加减葛花解酲汤中、高剂量组小鼠肝组织中SOD水平显著升高（P<0.05）,高剂量组MDA水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 加减葛花解酲汤能明显降低血液乙醇浓度和肝组织中MDA水平,升高SOD水平,具备较好的解酒功效,其解酒的机制可能与保护肝细胞的作用有关。     

电针心经对急性心肌缺血大鼠海马CA1区氧化应激及BDNF信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察电针心经“神门-通里”段对急性心肌缺血(acute myocardial ischemia, AMI)大鼠海马CA1区超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)、酪氨酸蛋白激酶B(tyrosine protein kinase, TrkB)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、磷酸化Akt(phosphorylated Akt, p-Akt)等变化的影响,分析电针心经改善AMI引发海马神经细胞损伤的机制。方法 将大鼠按照随机数字表法分为伪手术组、模型组、电针组,每组10只。采用冠状动脉左前降支结扎法制备AMI大鼠模型,伪手术组仅穿线不结扎。电针组予以双侧“神门-通里”段电针治疗,电流强度1 mA,频率2 Hz,每次30 min,连续3 d,其余两组不予治疗。用PowerLab 16导生理记录仪采集心电图,并分析ST段电位;苏木精-伊红染色法观察大鼠心肌组织形态;采用ELISA法检...     

领导干部压力与心理健康实证研究--以合肥市为例

随着改革开放的不断深入,领导干部在经济社会发展中所担负的责任越来越重,加之领导干部非正常死亡和过劳死的现象日益增多,其所承受的压力及由此引发的心理健康问题也备受关注。为了进一步了解合肥市领导干部面临的压力,以及由压力导致的心理健康问题,为此对合肥市领导干部因为压力导致的心理健康问题和原因,进行了深入的调查和研究并提出相应的对策。