Relationship Abuse and Victims’ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Associations with Child Behavior Problems

This study examined associations among male-to-female physical and psychological relationship aggression, female partners’ PTSD symptoms, and behavior problems among the children (n = 62) of men enrolled in a treatment program for relationship abuse perpetration. Psychological aggression was a stronger predictor of child behavior problems than physical assault. Restrictive engulfment and hostile withdrawal behaviors evidenced the strongest bivariate associations with child behavior problems, and were the strongest predictors of this outcome when considering four distinct forms of psychological aggression together. Victim PTSD symptoms largely mediated the effects of psychological aggression on child behavior. Findings suggest that male-to-female psychological aggression and victim PTSD symptoms play an important role in understanding behavior problems among children living with male relationship abuse perpetrators. Portions of this work were presented at the annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 2004.     

Parenting Stress,Parenting Behavior,and Children’s Adjustment in Families Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

Children exposed to intimate partner violence are known to experience a number of negative outcomes, including behavioral and emotional problems; however, possible mechanisms accounting for this relationship are unclear. There is considerable evidence that parenting stress has a direct effect on child adjustment problems and on parenting behaviors; parenting behaviors, in turn, have been repeatedly shown to be related to child outcomes. The hypothesis that parenting mediates the relationship between parenting stress and child behavioral and emotional problems according to Abidin’s (Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21:407–412, 1992) model was tested in a sample of 190 battered women and their 4-to12-year-old children. No support for mediation was found for either mother- or child-reported outcomes. Parenting stress had a strong direct effect on child behavioral and emotional problems. These findings have implications for the viability of Abidin’s model, as well as for interventions with battered women that address parenting stress. The authors would like to thank the women, children, and staff at the shelters for battered women who participated in this study.     

浅谈警察的心理压力与缓解对策

警察工作中应激反应无时不有,无处不在,终身从事这种富于挑战性并且具有高密集压力的工作,其身心势必会受到伤害。本文试图从分析警察心理压力的危害及原因入手,提出减缓警察心理压力的对策,以达到提高警察心理健康水平的目的。     

基层民警心理应激问题探析

由于职业的特殊性 ,警务工作的高度复杂性、危险性 ,基层民警心理“应激源” (包括工作应激源、生活应激源、社会应激源、个体应激源 )多于其他行业 ,严重影响了基层民警的身心健康和执法水平。因此 ,在公安院校开设警察心理辅导课 ,加强基层民警承受能力的训练非常必要     

传统儒家用人哲学及其当代借鉴

儒家管理哲学是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。儒家用人思想主要体现在用人以贤的总体思想、德才兼备的用人标准,注重礼乐教化的人才培育机制,察言、观行的人才识别机制,在此基础上,还得讲究用人策略。将儒家与法家等其它学派用人思想比较的基础上来探析儒家人性论和管理的终极价值目的,可以为当前的识人、用人的难题提供一些借鉴价值。     

Urinary incontinence, hyperthermia, and sudden death

An 84-year-old woman is reported whose death was associated with strenuous exercise on an extremely hot day (maximum temperature=43.1 °C, 109.6 °F). At autopsy there was evidence of exposure to high environmental temperatures with early putrefactive changes and mummification. There was underlying cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary emphysema. No significant injuries were detected. Toxicology revealed therapeutic levels of oxybutynin prescribed for urinary stress incontinence. Death was considered to be heat related, exacerbated by oxybutynin therapy, exercise, and cardiomegaly. Given that it has been predicted that there may be an increase in the number of heatwaves and in their intensity and duration, it is possible that such cases may be encountered more often in future. The assessment of all deaths occurring during conditions of extreme heat will require consideration of postmortem toxicology, particularly if there are underlying conditions such as stress incontinence that may be associated with anticholinergic drug therapy.     

MA与HIV-Tat协同作用致大鼠相关脑区ROS、GSH-PX和SOD的变化

目的 观察甲基苯丙胺(MA)与HIV-Tat蛋白协同作用致大鼠相关脑区活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化,探讨协同作用对神经系统的影响.方法 50只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组:MA组(10mg/kg MA,每日两次腹腔注射,连续4d)、HIV-Tat组(10μg HIV-Tat注入大鼠脑纹状体)和MA+HIV-Tat组(按MA组注射MA 4d后按HIV-Tat组注入HIV-Tat);对照组:生理盐水腹腔注射或纹状体内注射.各组大鼠分别于注射结束后48h和7d处死,取各脑区脑组织制作匀浆;荧光分光光度计检测ROS含量,酶标仪检测GSH-PX和SOD吸光度,再根据蛋白质的浓度分别计算其活力.结果 各实验组与对照组比较,各脑区ROS含量有不同程度增高,GSH-PX和SOD活力则有不同程度下降,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);其中MA+ HIV-Tat组与MA组和HIV-Tat组比较,ROS含量升高显著,GSH-PX和SOD活力下降明显(P＜0.01).结论 MA和HIV-Tat协同作用能够产生大量的ROS,并降低GSH-PX和SOD的活力,揭示ROS、GSH-PX和SOD参与了MA与HIV-Tat的协同神经毒性作用.     

网络服务提供者的连带责任分析——对《侵权责任法》第三十六条的思考

《侵权责任法》第36条规定了网络侵权,为追究互联网环境下的侵权责任提供了法律依据。其中"网络服务提供者"一词从整体上应作广义理解,包括ICP与ISP,但第2、3款中的连带责任人现仅为ISP。若ISP明知或有合理理由知道网络用户侵权,但不采取必要措施,它实际上就为网络用户提供了不作为的帮助,与之构成共同侵权,承担连带责任。     

A research note on the association between work–family conflict and job stress among Chinese prison staff

Job stress, which has been found to have numerous negative effects on U.S. correctional staff, occurs as a result of stressors in the work environment. Recent research in the U.S. suggests that work–family conflict (e.g. time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict) may contribute to job stress for correctional staff. This exploratory study examined how different dimensions of work–family conflict were associated with job stress by surveying 322 staff at 2 Chinese prisons, 1 for male inmates and 1 for female inmates, in Guangzhou. An Ordinary Least Squares regression equation was computed with the job stress index as the dependent variable, and the personal characteristics (i.e. age, tenure, gender, educational level, and marital status) and the four work–family conflict variables as the independent variables. The independent variables explained about 49% of the observed variance in the job stress variable. The personal characteristics, time-based conflict, and family-on-work conflict did not have a statistically significant association with job stress in the multivariate analysis, but both strain-based conflict and behavior-based conflict had negative associations.     

The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers: a research note

Law enforcement is often described as a challenging occupation, and working in law enforcement can result in work–family conflict. This exploratory study was undertaken to examine how the different dimensions of work–family conflict are related to job stress among Indian police officers. There are four major dimensions of work–family conflict: strain-based, behavior-based, time-based, and family-based. Data was collected from a survey of police officers in the Sonipat and Rohtak districts of the Indian state of Haryana. Bivariate results revealed that an increase in any one of the dimensions of work–family conflict was associated with increases in stress from work. Multivariate analysis, however, revealed only three of the four dimensions of work–family conflict had a significant association with job stress. Specifically, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict were significantly associated with higher levels of job stress. These findings provide support for the job strain model.