Growing Up in Times of War: Unaccompanied Refugee Minors’ Assumptions About the World and Themselves

Abstract

The idea that assumptions about the world and the self can be damaged through traumatic experiences has proven to be useful in understanding posttraumatic reactions. This study investigated the World Assumptions of middle-eastern unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) to contribute to a culturally sensitive theoretical perspective. Semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive category development. All assumed aspects of World Assumptions—benevolence, meaningfulness, and self-worth—were found in the participants’ statements. Regarding meaningfulness, we detected a new subcategory, the principle of a metaphysical plan, which has implications for the mechanism by which religiosity protects World Assumptions in war-torn regions.     

功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞氧化应激损伤的抑制作用

为探究功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP在缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤中的作用,首先构建氧化应激细胞模型,使用不同浓度的NC8-RLP作用细胞模型,通过MTT方法检测细胞的存活率和NC8-RLP毒性作用,观察细胞形态的变化;检测细胞模型内ROS含量的变化;采用Western-boltting检测NOX2、iNOS、Nrf2蛋白表达的情况。结果显示,成功建立氧化应激细胞模型OS-HUVEC,MTT结果发现NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞无毒性作用,且具有一定的促进细胞增殖作用,同时可减少OS-HUVEC细胞凋亡。当NC8-RLP保护OS-HUVEC模型2 h后,细胞内的ROS含量降低,iNOS、NOX2蛋白表达量与阳性对照组相比明显减少,Nrf2蛋白表达量增加。说明NC8-RLP对缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤作用有很好的调控作用。     

Coping,confidence, and change within the academy: a longitudinal look at police recruits

This study is based on surveys of police recruits representing four agencies across the United States. The recruits were surveyed at the beginning and end of their academy training and asked about coping strategies and the confidence they had in performing their jobs. Coping shifted significantly over time, with recruits utilizing task-oriented and outreach strategies less frequently at the end of the academy than at the beginning. Avoidance coping strategies were used more frequently by recruits at the end of the academy than at the beginning. Slight changes were also found in the influence of these strategies on job confidence over time, with avoidance coping having a stronger influence in the beginning of the academy than at the end. The role of demographic factors on coping was largely invariant over time, with only slight differences detected. Implications for policy and research are also discussed.     

国内关于公务员压力问题的研究述评

随着社会竞争的加剧,生活节奏的加快,人们承受的压力也越来越大,近些年来公务员作为一个特殊群体其压力问题也受到学术界的关注。学者从压力源、影响压力大小的因素,如何应对压力等几个方面对此进行了定性和定量研究,取得了一定的成果,但由于公务员压力问题研究刚刚起步,还有许多方面有待完善。     

Occupational stress,supervisor support,job satisfaction,and work-related burnout: perceptions of Turkish National Police (TNP) members

The present study examines whether, and to what degree, occupational stress in law enforcement is associated with job satisfaction, work-related burnout, and supervisor support. A total of 538 Turkish National Police (TNP) members form seven cities in Turkey completed the study survey. The results of the study indicate that the more TNP members experience their organization as stress inducing, the lower their job satisfaction levels, and the higher their burnout levels. Perceived operational stress was found to be significantly associated with their work-related burnout, but not with their job satisfaction. This study also suggests that there is an indirect causal effect of both organizational and operational stress on job satisfaction via supervisor support as mediator. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate a need for internal policy reform and managerial change in how the executives of TNP organize their agency and policies since organizational stressors are the most prevalent factors determining the work-related wellbeing of TNP members.     

柴地合方对慢性应激大鼠大脑前额皮质和海马单胺类神经递质的影响

目的：研究柴地合方对脑组织单胺递质含量的影响,探讨其抗抑郁作用可能的机制。方法：复制大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型,慢性给予柴地合方,采用高效液相色谱系统(HPLC)加电化学检测器(ECD)检测前额皮质和海马组织中单胺类神经递质及相关代谢产物的含量。结果：慢性应激大鼠前额皮质中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5羟色胺(5—HT)和3,4—二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)含量显著降低,柴地合方可以翻转这种降低;慢性应激大鼠海马中NE、5—HT含量显著降低,柴地合方可以部分逆转降低水平。结论：柴地合方可升高慢性应激模型大鼠前额皮质和海马中NE和5—HT水平,这可能是其抗抑郁的机制之一。     

警察心理压力的产生及其处理方式

警察职业的特征决定了警察的心理压力很特殊,各级政府对警力的不当使用以及社会舆论也对警察的心理产生影响。本文试从这几个方面分析警察心理压力产生的根源及应对办法。     

高等职业院校教师职业压力辨析

高职院校教师职业压力是一个现实的问题。造成高等职业院校教师职业压力的原因是多方面的,缓解教师职业压力的方法也是多种多样的。作者认为,从高等职业教育定位角度寻求缓解教师的职业压力更为重要也更为准确。     

Detection of Malingered PTSD: An Overview of Clinical,Psychometric, and Physiological Assessment: Where Do We Stand?

ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can be easily malingered for secondary gain. For this reason, it is important for physicians to understand the phenomenology of true PTSD and indicators that suggest an individual is malingering. This paper reviews the prevalence of PTSD for both the general population and for specific events, such as rape and terrorism, to familiarize evaluators with the frequency of its occurrence. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD, as well as potential ambiguities in the criteria, such as what constitutes an exposure to a traumatic event, are reviewed. Identified risk factors are reviewed as a potential way to help differentiate true cases of PTSD from malingered cases. The question of symptom overreporting as a feature of the disease versus a sign of malingering is discussed. We then examine how the clinician can use the clinical interview (e.g., SIRS, CAPS), psychometric testing, and the patient's physiological responses to detect malingering. Particular attention is paid to research on the MMPI and the subscales of infrequency (F), infrequency-psychopathology (Fp), and infrequency-posttraumatic stress disorder (Fptsd). Research and questions regarding the accuracy of self-report questionnaires, specifically the Mississippi Scale (MSS) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), are examined. Validity, usability, and cutoff values for other psychometric tests, checklists, and physiological tests are discussed. The review includes a case, which shows how an individual used symptom checklist information to malinger PTSD and the inconsistencies in his story that the evaluator detected. We conclude with a discussion regarding future diagnostic criteria and suggestions for research, including a systematic multifaceted approach to identify malingering.     

重复热应激致公兔性腺氧化损伤的研究

为探讨热应激对雄性兔性腺的氧化损伤机制,以体重相近的110日龄雄性新西兰兔为研究对象,每天在固定时间分别以31～34℃和38～40℃进行热应激,并分别在热应激后的第15、30、45及60天处死兔,取样检测性腺组织内总抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛及蛋白质羰基含量。结果显示,随着温度升高,睾丸和附睾组织丙二醛含量增加,总抗氧化酶活性降低,蛋白质羰基含量呈上升趋势,表现出明显的温度-时间效应。表明高热可改变兔睾丸和附睾的正常生理机能,使自由基在组织内累积,引起蛋白质氧化损伤,进而降低繁殖机能。