Abating the Consequences of Managerialism on the Forgotten Employees: The Issues of Support,Control, Coping,and Pay

With the widespread and continuing adoption of managerialism in the public sector, ignoring the impact of change on employees could prevent managerialism from achieving its goals. Subsequently, this study investigates the efficacy of an augmented demand-control-support (D-C-S) model in predicting three of the key employee outcomes in the context of organizational change—psychological health, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Analyses of a survey of 207 employees in the Australian public sector, a sector that has undergone, and continues to undergo, substantial change toward managerialism, found that the augmented D-C-S model explained a significant proportion of the employee outcomes in the public sector context. The most important variables were work-based social support and job control. Coping style and perceptions of work conditions, such as pay, were also significant. The augmented D-C-S model provides a useful, proven tool for managers operating within the contemporary public sector.     

Asylum Seekers Along the U.S.-Canada Border

Abstract

Given the large numbers of people fleeing their homelands, social workers are likely to encounter refugees from all over the world. Although the social work profession has a mandate to work with disenfranchised populations, limited attention has been paid to providing services to refugees. Residents of the largest refugee shelter in the U.S. were interviewed about their claims. These findings can help social workers understand the situations refugees come from as well as processes they go through in applying for legal status. With this information, it is possible to identify roles social workers can play with this vulnerable population.     

Chapter 10. Central American Survivors of Political Violence

Abstract

Despite compelling, well-documented findings on the levels of stress and trauma among Central American refugees, this group continues to be underserved. A host of issues contributes to this underservice, ranging from macro-level imposed obstacles, such as citizenship and health insurance as determining factors for accessing social and health services, to institutional factors that impede service utilization, such as an insufficient number of translators or a cumbersome and confusing bureaucracy. This chapter adopts a human rights framework as a strategy for working with groups of Central Americans who have experienced political violence. The ongoing effects of political violence on Central Americans, as they relate to mental and physical health problems, are reviewed and a case vignette is used to illustrate how political violence affects individuals and how macro-level forces and institutions create barriers to access and use of health care and social services. Treatment approaches for helping survivors of political violence in the context of a human rights framework are suggested.     

Job Stress and Job Satisfaction Among Jail Staff: Exploring Gendered Effects

Despite increased representation in correctional work settings, women still encounter obstacles in this male-dominated occupation—obstacles that have the potential to affect their levels of job stress and job satisfaction. Although gender-based differences in job stress and job satisfaction have been analyzed in several prison settings, much less work has been conducted in the often neglected correctional arena of jails. The current study fills this empirical void by examining jail staff at a large county correctional system in Orlando, Florida. Ordinary least squares regression analysis indicated that different facets of the work environment differentially affected the job stress and job satisfaction of 419 women and 493 men working in a large urban jail system. Specifically, role ambiguity, perceived dangerousness, coworker relations, input into decision making, and administrative support had larger effects on job stress for women compared to men. For job satisfaction, the only workplace variable to have a gendered effect was administrative support, which also had a greater effect for women than men. The findings reveal gender-related differences, especially in terms of job stress.     

Spaced cognitive interviewing: Facilitating therapeutic and forensic narration of traumatic memories

Abstract

The evolution of the cognitive interview (CI) is reviewed from the original package of memory-enhancing techniques through to the revised (or enhanced) CI, and the cognitive approach now taught to police officers in UK. Many officers are reluctant to apply CI, particularly to traumatised victims. The traumatising effects of crime are examined in terms of immediate response and the potential for an acute stress response and post-traumatic stress disorder, with subsequent re-experiencing of dissociated traumatic memories in the form of intrusive, unwanted imagery. Traumatic memories are described, particularly their accuracy, detail and persistence. The therapeutic potential of prolonged experience of distress while narrating the content of traumatic imagery is explained. An approach to maximising the disclosure of dissociated detail - spaced cognitive interviewing (SCI) - is described and case material presented illustrating its forensic and therapeutic application. The practice and practical implications of SCI are summarised.     

Determining Bruise Etiology in Muscle Tissue Using Finite Element Analysis

Bruising, the result of capillary failure, is a common physical exam finding due to blunt trauma and, depending on location and severity, a potential indicator of abuse. Despite its clinical relevance, few studies have investigated the etiology of capillary failure. The goal of this study was to determine whether capillaries primarily fail under shear stress or hydraulic‐induced tensile stress. An arteriole bifurcating into four capillaries was modeled using ANSYS 14.0 ^®. The capillaries were embedded in muscle tissue and a pressure of 20.4 kPa was applied. Any tensile stress exceeding 8.4 × 10⁴ Pa was considered failure. Results showed that failure occurred directly under the impact zone and where capillaries bifurcated, rather than along the line of greatest shear stress, indicating that internal tensile stress is likely the primary mode of capillary failure in bruising. These results are supported by the concept that bruising can occur via blunt trauma in which no shearing lacerations occur.     

中药提取物对应激小鼠肠道上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量及IL-2水平的影响

为了观察中药提取物对应激小鼠肠黏膜屏障结构的影响,给10只C57BL/J健康应激小鼠连续灌服中药提取物,7d后光镜下观察小肠上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)、杯状细胞(GC)的数量变化及测定肠黏膜IL-2的水平。结果显示,应激小鼠的肠黏膜IEL和GC的数量及肠黏膜IL-2水平下降;灌服中药提取物应激小鼠的肠黏膜IEL和GC的数量及肠黏膜IL-2水平与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而与未灌服中药提取物的应激小鼠相比,上述检测指标有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果证实,该中药提取物在一定程度上可以增强应激小鼠小肠黏膜的屏障作用并提高小鼠免疫功能,增强抗应激能力。     

高校青年教师科研绩效压力对过度劳动的影响 —— 职业紧张与焦虑的中介作用

通过对山东省487名高校青年教师进行抽样调查和实证分析,探讨科研绩效压力对过度劳动的作用机理和影响路径,并验证职业紧张和焦虑的中介作用对过度劳动产生的影响。研究结果表明,科研绩效压力与高校青年教师的职业紧张和焦虑都有着显著的正相关,对高校青年教师的过度劳动有显著的正向影响;通过中介效应检验,职业紧张和焦虑在科研绩效压力与过度劳动之间起部分中介作用。     

温针灸联合Kegel盆底康复训练对产后压力性尿失禁的临床研究

目的 观察温针灸联合Kegel盆底康复训练对产后压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法 将66例产后压力性尿失禁患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组33例。对照组予以Kegel盆底康复训练,观察组予以温针灸联合Kegel盆底康复训练,观察两组患者治疗前后的漏尿量、尿失禁程度评分、盆底肌力、生活质量评分及临床疗效。结果 两组患者治疗后漏尿量、尿失禁程度评分、盆底肌力、生活质量评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组漏尿量、尿失禁程度评分降低程度大于对照组（P＜0.05）,生活质量评分增加程度大于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 温针灸联合Kegel盆底康复训练治疗压力性尿失禁比单一Kegel盆底康复训练的疗效更好。