Stressful Life Experiences and Peer Externalizing Behaviors Mediate the Relation Between Reduced Family Support and Externalizing Symptoms in Low-Income Urban Youth

Family support, urban stressors, and peer behavior were examined in relation to externalizing symptoms in 605 predominantly low-income urban sixth through eighth grade adolescents. Mother and father support were each associated with lower levels of externalizing symptoms in both males and females. For males, father absence was associated with increased peer externalizing behavior and heightened rates of youth externalizing symptoms. Stress (in the form of major life events, daily hassles, and exposure to violence) and peer externalizing behavior were examined as mediators of the relation between parent support and youth externalizing symptoms. Increased stress exposure mediated the relation between weak mother and father support and youth externalizing symptoms. Additionally, for females, peer externalizing behavior mediated the relation between weak mother support and youth externalizing symptoms.     

Chemical Contamination of Soft Drinks in Sealed Plastic Bottles by Environmental Stress Cracking

Abstract:  A contamination of soft drinks in sealed bottles by organic solvents is reported: closed bottles full of soft drinks were accidentally placed on a cardboard soaked with thinner and the organic fluid subsequently fissured the bottom of the bottles and penetrated into the soft drinks without any apparent leakage of the soft drinks. Experiments were carried out to simulate the process: the penetration of different organic solvents into soft drinks through the bottom of closed bottles was tested. The penetration occurred only when the closed bottles contained carbonated soft drinks (CSD), indicating that inner pressure is a necessary condition for the fissuring of the bottles. This paper discusses environmental stress cracking of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles by organic solvents and migration of chemicals to CSD. Experiments were conducted to determine the conditions in which PET can be permeable to poisoning organic products.     

Medicolegal Aspects of Post‐traumatic Gastroduodenal Ulcers: A Retrospective Study*

Abstract: Retrospective examination of 5‐year autopsy material showed the presence of posttraumatic gastroduodenal ulcers (PGDU) in 17.7% of decedents deemed to be at risk. They were more common in males (77%) and in patients aged over 50. In the majority of cases (76%) the survival period was <12 days; in 16.5% it was < 48 h. PGDU developed most commonly in victims of polytrauma and isolated craniocerebral injury, with ISS values ≥16; patients with spinal cord injuries were at greatest risk. Most frequently affected was the stomach, exhibiting numerous, usually superficial lesions, while solitary acute and exacerbated chronic peptic ulcers were more common in the duodenum. Complications of PGDU developed in 40% of cases, mostly in the form of hemorrhage; in 20% of cases PGDU have contributed to death. Medicolegal aspects of PGDU are, most frequently, concerned with the causal relationship between trauma, PGDU, and fatal outcome, as well as the potential for allegations of medical negligence.     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms,Relationship Adjustment,and Relationship Aggression in a Sample of Female Flood Victims

This study tested a model examining the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate relationship adjustment, and intimate relationship aggression in a sample of 205 adult female flood victims. At the bivariate level, higher PTSD symptoms were associated with higher physical and psychological aggression victimization, poorer relationship adjustment, and higher physical and psychological aggression perpetration. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that relationship aggression victimization influenced aggression perpetration directly, and in the case of physical aggression, indirectly through its relationship with PTSD symptoms and relationship adjustment. The influence of PTSD symptoms on physical aggression perpetration was fully explained by poorer relationship adjustment. These findings extend prior work from other traumatized populations documenting associations between variables reflecting PTSD symptomatology and indices of relationship functioning, and indicate a need for further investigation in this area of inquiry. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH55542).     

柴芍二至散治疗Graves病临床观察

目的 观察柴芍二至散治疗毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Graves病）的临床疗效及对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）的影响,探讨其治疗Graves病的作用机制。方法 将60例肝虚痰结型Graves病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用甲巯咪唑进行治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加服柴芍二至散,两组疗程均为12周。比较两组中医证候疗效、甲状腺功能［游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（free triiodothylamine,FT3）、游离甲状腺素（free thyroxine,FT4）、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）］、血清促甲状腺受体抗体（thyrotropin receptor antibody,TRAb）、GSH-px、MDA水平。结果 与对照组比较,治疗组血清中FT3、FT4、TRAb水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,TSH水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;两组血清GSH-px、MDA水平均优于治疗前（P＜0.05）,治疗组改善更明显（P＜0.05）;治疗组中医证候疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 柴芍二至散治疗Graves病疗效显著,其机制可能与改善GSH-px、MDA的表达,调节机体抗氧化水平有关。     

柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁大鼠的作用

目的 研究柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法 选择旷场行为学评分相近的56只大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、柴郁温胆汤组、调气血组、化痰组、养心脾组、马普替林组,每组8只,以孤养联合慢性不可预见性轻度应激方法复制大鼠抑郁模型,对大鼠进行旷场行为学测定并评分,对大鼠进行糖水消耗实验并测定体质量变化,并采用高效液相色谱-电化学方法检测大鼠大脑前额叶脑皮质去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠旷场行为评分水平活动和垂直活动均显著下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),蔗糖水消耗量明显下降(P<0.01),体质量增长缓慢(P<0.05,或P<0.01),脑内NE、5-HT含量降低（P<0.05）。柴郁温胆汤及部分拆方能显著改善模型大鼠的行为学变化（P<0.05,或P<0.01),增加大鼠脑内NE、5-HT的含量（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 柴郁温胆汤及其拆方具有抗抑郁作用,其中全方的抗抑郁作用优于各拆方。     

基于SIRT1/PGC-1α通路探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠急性期神经损伤的保护机制。方法随机选取15只SD大鼠为假手术组,另将模型复制成功的大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型大鼠60只随机分为模型组、电针组、丰富康复训练组(康复组)和电针联合丰富康复训练组(联合组),每组15只。假手术组和模型组不进行干预,电针组和联合组于“百会”“大椎”进行电针治疗;康复组和联合组予以丰富环境与康复训练,每次30 min,每日1次,连续治疗3 d。观察大鼠缺血侧皮质区脑血流量、组织形态学、阳性细胞率的动态变化,检测缺血侧皮质中丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量;RT-PCR检测沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3)及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9,Caspase-9)mRNA的表达水平。结果分组因素对缺血侧皮质中MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1α、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的主效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑血流量,SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),阳性细胞率,MDA水平,Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平显著上升(P<0.05),MDA水平和Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);联合组与电针组、康复组比较,上述各指标表达水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05);电针联合丰富康复训练对缺血侧皮质MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1αmRNA表达水平的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的影响无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论电针联合丰富康复训练可通过调控SIRT1/PGC-1α通路,提高抗氧化能力,改善神经细胞损伤,发挥神经保护作用。     

八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的 观察八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效及对患者血清铁蛋白及氧化应激指标的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 将62例糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripher-al neuropathy,DPN)患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组31例.两组均以个体化降糖为基础治疗,对照组另口服依帕司他,观察组在对照组疗法的基础上加用八味芪丹胶囊,疗程均为4周.分别采用中医证候评分、多伦多临床评分系统(Toronto clinical scoring system,TCSS)评定临床疗效,采用神经电检诊仪检测神经传导速度,采用化学比色法检测血清铁蛋白(serum ferritsn,SF),硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(malondial-dehyde,MDA)水平,化学发光法检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平.结果 治疗后两组患者中医证候评分、TCSS评分均较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05),且观察组减少程度大于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者神经传导速度均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组提高更为明显(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者血清SF、MDA水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),SOD水平明显升高(P<0.05);且观察组SF、MDA水平的降低程度以及SOD水平的升高程度均大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效优于单用依帕司他,且能有效提高神经传导速度,其机制可能与调节铁代谢途径、改善氧化应激反应有关.     

电针激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抗帕金森病模型小鼠氧化应激的机制研究

目的 观察电针“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)模型小鼠大脑纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)水平的影响,探讨电针治疗PD的可能机制。方法 将30只小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组小鼠按照30 mg/kg腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)制备PD小鼠模型。电针组小鼠给予“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴电针干预,每日1次,每次30 min,连续干预12 d。其余两组小鼠不予任何干预。采用爬杆实验和悬挂实验观察3组小鼠行为学改变,旷场实验观察小鼠自主运动总路程,免疫组织化学法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中TH表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中Nrf2、超氧...